综合治理与常规防治枣园天敌昆虫的群落结构及其多样性

1999— 2 0 0 1年对山西太谷地区综合防治枣园与常规防治枣园天敌昆虫的群落结构及其多样性的研究结果表明 :在综合防治枣园中发现有 8个目、2 5个科、5 8个种和 5 0 0 9个天敌的个体数 ,而在常规防治枣园中发现有 8个目、18个科、2 7个种和 1911个天敌的个体数。方差分析结果表明综合防治枣园天敌的科、种及个体数显著大于常规防治枣园 (P <0 0 5 )。枣园中天敌的优势种是枣盲蛇蛉、七星瓢虫、晋草蛉、桃小甲腹茧蜂和蚧金小蜂。在综合防治枣园中 ,主要天敌昆虫的优势度显著大于常规防治枣园 (P <0 0 5 )。天敌昆虫各群落的生态优势集中性在两区不同生育期基本上趋于一致 ,综合治理区主要类群的优势集中性几乎总是大于常规防治区 ;综合治理区天敌昆虫群落和捕食性亚群落的多样性与均匀度较常规防治区有明显 (P <0 0 5 )的提高 ;在综合治理区 ,影响群落多样性的主要成分是种类丰富度 ,在常规防治区 ,影响群落多样性的主要成分既有种类丰富度 ,又有均匀度和个体数。

Community Structures and Diversity of Natural Enemies Between Integrated Pest Management and Conventional Management of Jujube Orchards

The communities and diversities of the beneficial insects on jujube trees were studied in jujube sites in Taigu, Shanxi Province of China. The results showed that 8 orders, 25 families, 58 species and 5 009 individuals were found in the integrated pest management (IPM) site, while the corresponding numbers were 8, 18, 27 and 1 911 in the conventional pest management (CPM) site. The IPM site had significantly (P < 0.05) more beneficial insects than the CPM site. The dominant species were Inoccllia sp., Coccinella septempunctata (Linn.), Chrysopa shansiensis, Chelonos chinensis and Anysis saissetiae. Principle species dominances of beneficial insects were higher in the IPM than in the CPM, but ecological dominant concentration indexes of principal groups in both sites were almost the similar. The diversity and the evenness of the beneficial insect community as well as the predatory sub-community in the IPM site were obviously higher (P < 0.05) than those in the CPM site. In the IPM site, it was the abundance of species of beneficial insects that mostly influenced the diversities within communities, but in the CPM it was the uniformity and the number of individuals, besides the abundances of species.