小麦—玉米周年生物节水栽培品种的筛选

为了在小麦—玉米周年栽培中提高作物产量与水分利用效率,于2008—2009年栽培季在大田栽培条件下,以当前胶东地区推广种植的13个小麦品种与14个玉米品种为供试作物进行小麦—玉米周年生物节水栽培品种筛选试验,以小麦全生育期不灌溉、拔节期灌溉1次与拔节、灌浆期灌溉2次3个水分供应水平、玉米全生育期不灌溉与开花期灌溉1次2个水分供应水平处理,结果表明:试验条件下,供试小麦品种的产量在5992.485kg/hm2～10045.500kg/hm2之间,水分利用效率(WUE)在14.314kg/(hm2·mm)～24.238kg/(hm2·mm)之间,玉米品种产量在7118.535kg/hm2～12220.700kg/hm2之间,WUE在13.467～26.124kg/(hm2·mm)之间,根据产量、耗水量、WUE、灌溉水生产效率等指标进行聚类分析,将供试小麦品种分为5类,玉米品种分为4类。在小麦生育期内降水250mm、玉米生育期内降水460mm左右时,济麦21、青丰2号、济麦22、DH155等4个小麦品种与先玉335、鲁单981、登海3622、蠡玉16、丹玉86等5个玉米品种具有高产高WUE的特点,可作为小麦—玉米周年生物节水栽培中的首选品种。

Screening of Varieties in Wheat-Maize Biological Water-saving Annual Culture

In order to rise the crop yield and water use efficiency （WUE） in wheat-maize biological water-saving annual culture,13 winter wheat varieties and 14 maize varieties popular planted in Jiaodong area were screened from 2008 autumn to 2009 autumn.No irrigation,irrigation at elongation stage or irrigation at elongation and grain filling stages in wheat and no irrigation or irrigation at flower stage in maize were conducted under the field condition.The results showed that the yield between 5992.485 kg/hm 2 to 10045.500 kg/hm 2 in wheat and between 7118.535 kg/hm 2 to 12220.700 kg/hm 2 in maize and WUE between 14.314 kg/（hm 2 · mm） to 24.238 kg/（hm 2 · mm） in wheat and between 13.467 kg/（hm 2 · mm） to 26.124 kg/（hm 2 ·mm） in maize in different varieties under different treats were produced.Five types in wheat and four types in maize were divided by cluster analysis based on yield,water consumption,WUE and irrigation use efficiency （IUE）.Jimai 21,Qingfeng 2,Jimai 22 and DH 155 in the tested winter wheat varieties and ＇ Xianyu 335 ＇,Ludan 981,＇ Denghai 3622 ＇,＇ Liyu 16 ＇ and ＇ Danyu 86 ＇ in the tested maize varieties yield higher and had higher WUE that we suggested that 4 varieties of winter wheat and 5 varieties of maize above should be selected in wheat-maize biological water-saving annual culture.