肥料增效剂对玉米干物质积累及氮养分吸收的影响

【目的】研究肥料增效剂与化肥配施对玉米干物质积累及氮养分吸收的影响，为玉米生产节本增产提供理论参考。【方法】采用盆栽试验，每1kg土中N、P、K肥施用量分别为：0．368、0．235和0．350g，设常规施肥处理（T1），另设5个增施处理（T2-T6），按在常规施肥处理基础上分别增施2mL不同肥料增效剂（F1-F5），收获期测定玉米籽粒、苞叶、秸秆、根系等全N、P、K养分含量及玉米的养分吸收量和养分利用率。【结果】与常规施肥T1处理相比，增施增效剂处理玉米鲜苞重增加12．0～17．50g／盆，增重4．3％～6．2％，玉米籽粒重增加3．9％～6．9％；施用肥料增效剂处理的植株干物质积累量与常规施肥相比增幅为4．97％～6．65％。玉米植株各器官（秸秆、籽粒、苞叶＋穗轴和根）氮养分吸收量均显示施用增效剂处理优于对照，增幅为：秸秆20．60％～37．00％；籽粒7．20％～13．15％；苞叶＋穗轴12．43％～30．94％；根3．13％～37．75％。施用肥料增效剂处理与单施用化肥处理相比，氮肥利用率提高5．0％～7．2％。【结论】在常规施肥的基础上增施肥料增效剂能显著增加玉米植株干物质量及提高，氮肥利用率。

Effects of fertilizer synergist on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen nutrient uptake in maize

【Objective 】The effects of fertilizer synergist and fertilizers on maize dry matter accumulation and nitrogen nutrient absorption were studied to provide references for downsizing production cost of maize and increasing maize yield. 【Method】In the pot experiment, fertilization amount of N,P and K was 0.368 g/kg, 0.235 and 0.350 g/kg,respectively. There was one conventional fertilizer treatment（T1） and five other treatments（T2-T6）. Each treatment was added by two milliliter fertilizer synergist based on conventional fertilizer treatments（F1-F5）. The grain, bract and straw were used to measure the maize nutritional ingredient contents,including total N, total P and total K. The nutrient uptake and utilization of maize were calculated. 【 Result 】 Compared with NPK conventional fertilization treat-ment T1, added fertilizer synergist made fresh corn shell weight increase by 12.0 to 17.50 g/pot with the increment ranging from 4.3% to 6.2%. Maize grain weight increased from 3.9% to 6.9%. Compared to the control, the increase range of dry matter accumulation was 4.97%-6.65%. Nitrogen nutrient absorption volume in various corn organs（straw,grain,husk＋cob and root）under synergist treatments was superior to that of the control.（straw：20.60%-37.00%;grain ：7.20%-13.15%; husk＋cob ：12.43%-30.94%;root： 3.13%-37.75%）. Compared with single chemical fertilizer,nitrogen utilization rate of synergist treatment increased from 5.0% to 7.2%. 【Conclusion】Adding synergist to conventional fertilizer can markedly increase dry matter content and improve nitrogen utilization rate.