氮复合肥种类及施氮量对坝上地区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响

通过完全随机区组设计,研究施肥种类(速效氮、缓释氮)、施氮量(180,150,120,90,60和30 kg/hm²)对河北坝上不同生育期青贮玉米产量和品质的影响,为坝上青贮玉米产量和品质的氮肥管理模式提供科学依据。结果表明,不同施肥处理均显著增加青贮玉米的鲜、干产量(P<0.05)。缓释ⅡC的鲜、干产均最高,干草产量达到2.45×10⁴ kg/hm²。各施氮处理均增加了青贮玉米茎叶比。施氮肥处理均显著提高青贮玉米的SPAD值和全株粗蛋白含量(P<0.05)。拔节期,缓释Ⅲ处理粗蛋白含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。成熟期,缓释ⅡB的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。速效氮分次施入青贮玉米的茎叶比、粗蛋白、鲜草产量和干草产量均高于一次施入,SPAD值小于一次施入。综合施氮后青贮玉米的产量和品质,坝上地区旱作条件下,青贮玉米生产缓释氮施用的最佳方案是缓释ⅡC。

Yield and quality of silage corn (Zea mays) as affected by type and quantity of N fertilization

To provide a scientific basis and guidelines for improving the production of silage corn (Zea mays) in the Bashang region, Hebei, a complete randomized block design was used to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer types (available nitrogen, slow-release nitrogen) and quantities (180, 150, 120, 90, 60, 30 and 0 kg/ha) on the yield and quality of silage corn at different growth stages. All fertilization treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased fresh and hay yields of silage corn, and the highest yields was found in the treatment slow-release ⅡC, with hay yields reached to 2.45×10⁴ kg/ha. Each of fertilization treatments had increased the stem-leaf ratio of silage corn. All fertilization treatments had significantly enhanced soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) values and increased crude protein content compared to no fertilization treatments (P<0.05). In the jointing growing stage, crude protein content was significantly higher in Ⅲ (P<0.05), but in maturity growing stage crude protein content was significantly higher in treatment slow-release ⅡB in than other treatments (P<0.05).Compared to single applications, silage corn had higher stem-leaf ratio, crude protein content, fresh yields, hay yields and lower SPAD values with split fertilization, which was better under rainfed cultivation conditions in this region. Comprehensive consideration of both yield and quality of silage corn, we recommended the slow-release treatment ⅡC as the most suitable fertilization in our study.