宁夏春小麦矮秆基因分子标记检测分析

目的]分析宁夏春小麦育种材料常用矮秆基因的分布,为本地小麦改良株高性状提供理论依据。方法]以宁夏大学小麦遗传育种实验室212个(其中54个材料由中国农业科学院引进)春小麦育种亲本为材料,调查其株高、穗长、穗下茎节等农艺性状,利用分子标记检测分析材料中常用矮秆基因Rht-B1b(Rht1)、Rht-D1b(Rht2)和Rht8的分布。结果]中国农业科学院引进材料的株高、穗长、穗茎节的平均值(分别为69.2、7.8、28.5 cm)明显低于现有亲本材料(分别为83.6、11.1、32.0 cm)。矮秆基因检测发现166份材料携带Rht-B1b基因,占总检测材料的75.1%;88份材料含有Rht-D1b基因,占39.8%;191份材料含Rht8基因,占总检测材料的86.4%。携带Rht-D1b基因的9个材料同时含有Rht-B1b和Rht8基因。其中,引进材料中Rht8、Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b分别占85.1%、72.0%、33.3%,与整体材料中各矮秆基因分布相似。结论]目前宁夏春小麦育种材料中普遍含有矮秆基因Rht8,其次是Rht-B1b,但主栽品种和主推品种以及核心育种亲本材料均含有Rht-D1b,即现有亲本材料中含Rht8+Rht-B1b的材料所占比例较Rht8+Rht-D1b多,但新培育的品种以含有Rht8+Rht-D1b为主。这可能是主栽品种宁春4号(Rht8+Rht-D1b)在当地长期种植,并作为育种骨干亲本被长期利用的结果。

Molecular Marker Analysis for Dwarfing Genes of Spring Wheat in Ningxia

Objective]To study the distribution of common dwarfing genes in spring wheat breeding materials in Ningxia for providing theoretical basis to improve the plant height traits of local wheat.Method]For improving the plant height,specific molecular markers were used to detect the distribution of dwarfing genes Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8 in Ningxia spring wheat.Agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, peduncle length, length of the second and third internode from top were investigated in 212 spring wheat genotypes(among them,54 spring wheat genotypes were introduced from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences).Result]The average value of plant height,spike length and peduncle length of local materials (83.6,11.1,32.0 cm) were significantly higher than the introduced genotypes (69.2,7.8,28.5 cm).Dwarfing genes analysis revealed that 166 (75.1％) genotypes with Rht-B1b,88 (39.8％) genotypes with Rht-D1b,191(86.4％) genotypes with Rht8.Besides,there are 9 introduced genotypes containing all three genes,and the distribution of the three genes in the introduced materials were similar with the local materials that each gene Rht8,Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b accounted for 85.1％,72.0％,33.3％ of the total amount respectively.Conclusion]The Rht8 gene extensively distributed in Ningxia spring wheat then Rht-B1b.Although,the local varieties and breeding cultivars were all bringing with Rht-D1b but Rht8+Rht-B1b genotypes were much more than Rht8+Rht-D1b.The reason for new released varieties mainly containing Rht8+Rht-D1b is possibly because of the local cultivar Ningchun 4(Rht8+Rht-D1b)cultivated for long time and as a primary breeding material adopted in local area.