滴灌灌水量对玉米耗水及生长的影响

为了提高玉米水分利用效率、挖掘中国东北地区玉米增产潜力,寻求合适的灌水方式、方法,基于大田试验,研究了不同滴灌灌水量对黑龙江西部地区玉米的耗水规律、生长状况、干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:低水处理(50%充分滴灌量)分别比高水处理(充分滴灌)、中水处理(70%充分滴灌量)和雨养处理(CK)的水分利用效率高16.4%,8.7%和14.1%;高水处理增大了玉米的株高和茎粗,但低水处理和中水处理下叶面积指数更大,有利于叶绿素的保持;高水处理不利于干物质向籽粒的运移;低水处理可获得更好的穗部特征,其经济产量较高水、中水和雨养对照分别高7.7%,5.2%和24.8%.对于黑龙江西部地区玉米滴灌,低水滴灌量可推荐作为当地滴灌技术灌水量的参考指标.

Effects of drip irrigationamount on water consumption and growth of maize

In order to improve the water use efficiency of maize, tap the potential of maize yield increase in northeast China, and seek suitable irrigation methods, the effects of different drip irrigation scheduling on water consumption, plant growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of maize in typical areas of western Heilongjiang Province were analyzed through field experiment. Results show that the WUE of the low irrigation treatment(50% of full irrigation amount)is increased by 16.4%, 8.7% and 14.1%, respectively, compared with high irrigation treatment(full irrigation amount), medium irrigation treatment(70% of full irrigation quantity)and traditional rain-fed treatment(CK).The plant height and stem diameter of maize are increased by high irrigation treatment, however, the leaf area index of low irrigation treatment and middle water treatment is larger, which is beneficial to the maintenance of chlorophyll.The distribution of dry matter to seeds is not conducive by high irrigation treatment. Maize with low irrigation treatment has better ear characte-ristics. The economic yield of low irrigation treatment is 7.7%, 5.2% and 24.8% higher than that of high, medium irrigation treatment and rain-fed control, respectively. Low drip irrigation scheduling can be recommended as a reference indicator for maize drip irrigation amount in typical areas of western Heilongjiang Province.