不同沟垄覆盖下土壤水热效应对旱作马铃薯生长及产量的影响

针对宁南山区春季降雨少、低温不利于马铃薯出苗,而作物生育中后期高温胁迫限制马铃薯块茎形成导致减产等问题,于2016年设置垄覆地膜沟内覆盖塑料地膜(DM)、玉米秸秆(JG)、生物降解膜(SM)、麻纤维地膜(MM)、液态地膜(YM)及沟不覆盖(BM),以传统平作为对照(CK),研究沟垄覆盖模式对土壤温度、土壤水分、旱作马铃薯生长及块茎产量的影响.结果表明:处理DM,SM,MM和YM马铃薯生育期耕层土壤温度表现出增温效应,而处理JG和BM表现为降温效应,其中处理DM增温效果和处理JG降温效果最佳.处理YM,JG对马铃薯生长前期保水效果较好,分别较CK显著提高13.3%,27.0%,而处理JG,DM对生育中后期的保墒效果较佳,分别较CK显著提高22.4%,13.2%.处理JG可显著促进马铃薯生长,其增产效果最为显著,DM次之,分别较CK增产47.8%,44.8%,其他处理较CK差异不具有统计学意义.可见,在宁南山区实施垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆模式可调控土壤水热环境,对旱作马铃薯生长及增产效果最佳.

Influences of soil hydrothermal effect on dryland potato growth and yield under various ridge and furrow mulch conditions

A little rainfall and low ambient temperature are not conducive to the emergence of potato, but also the high temperature stress restricts the potato tuber formation in the middle and late stages of potato growth in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia, in consequence, they lead to a reduction in potato yield. In view of these problems, a field experiment was conducted in 2016 to study effects of ridge and furrow mulch patterns on soil temperature, moisture, potato growth and yield. The experimental cases include plastic mulch(DM), corn stalk(JG), biodegradable film(SM), hemp fiber mulch(MM), liquid mulch(YM), furrow without mulch(BM), and traditional tillage(CK)(as a control). The results showed that the treatments DM, SM, MM and YM exhibited a warming effect on the soil in the tillage layer, but JG and BM produced a cooling effect. The warming and cooling effects in DM and JG are the strongest, respectively. The treatments YM and DJ had a better water retention effect in the early stage of potato growth, the corresponding soil moistures were significantly improved by 13.3% and 27.0%, respectively, compared with CK. The treatments JG and DM had a better pre-servation effect in the middle and late growth stages, improved by 22.4% and 13.2%, respectively, against CK. JG treatment can promote the potato growth substantially, and its effect on the yield increasement is the most significant. DM treatment is the second better with 47.8% and 44.8% yield increasements against CK. The other treatments are not statistical significance against CK. It is evident that that the implementation of ridge plastic mulch and stalk mulch can regulate the soil hydrothermal environment, promote the growth of potato, and increase the potato yield in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia.