种植密度对新疆红花采收部位籽粒品质的影响

【目的】 研究新疆玛纳斯县周边地区不同种植密度对红花不同采收部位籽粒品种的影响,为红花种质资源选择、良种繁育等育种手段提供一定理论支撑。【方法】 选用新疆红花主栽品种新红花4号作为试验材料,设1.5×10⁴、1.6×10⁴、1.8×10⁴、2.0×10⁴、2.2×10⁴株/667m²5个播种密度,3次重复,15个小区处理。在水肥等生长条件均同的情况下,测定不同密度条件下红花籽粒产量与不同部位的分枝数、花球数、籽粒长度、籽粒宽度、籽粒厚度、千粒重、籽粒含油率及脂肪酸含量等性状指标,分析种植密度对新疆红花采收部位籽粒品质的影响。【结果】 不同采收部位籽粒性状存在差异,下部采收红花的千粒重、籽粒含油率及脂肪酸含量等指标均要大于中部和顶端采收的红花籽粒,而顶端采收指标略高于中部采收。不同种植密度下籽粒品质与红花不同部位分枝数量,花球数量呈负相关关系。不同种植密度对红花采收部位籽粒品质及产量形成影响,当种植密度达到2.0×10⁴株/667m²时,红花顶部、中部、下部籽粒千粒重与产量最高,整体品质优势显著。【结论】 新红花4号在玛纳斯县地区的最佳种植密度为2.0×10 ⁴ 株/667m²。在红花的良种繁育及生产实践过程中,应选取科学合理的种植密度,以下部红花籽粒作为繁殖材料。

Effects of Planting Density on Seed Quality of SafflowerHarvesting Sites in Xinjiang

【Objective】 The effects of different planting densities in the surrounding areas of Manas County on different varieties of safflower harvest sites were discussed in order to provide some theoretical support for breeding methods such as safflower germplasm resource selection and breeding.【Method】 Xinjiang safflower variety Xinhonghua No. 4 was selected as the test material, and 5 seeding densities (1.5×10⁴, 1.6×10⁴, 1.8×10⁴, 2.0×10⁴, 2.2×10⁴ plants / 667m² ) with 3 repetitions and 15 cell processing were set. Under the same growth conditions of water and fertilizer and under different planting densities, the safflower seed yield and branch number, flower ball number, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, thousand seed weight, seed oil content and fatty acid content were determined.【Result】There are differences in the seed characteristics of different harvesting parts. The thousand seed weight, oil content and fatty acid content of the safflower harvested in the lower part were larger than those in the middle and top, and the top harvest index was slightly higher than that of the middle harvest. Under different planting densities, there was a negative correlation between the quality of the seeds and the number of branches in different parts of the safflower. Different planting densities affected the quality and yield of safflower harvesting parts. When the planting density reached 2.0×10⁴ plants / 667m², the top, middle and lower safflower seeds had the highest grain weight and yield, and the overall quality advantage was significant.【Conclusion】 The best planting density of Xinhonghua No. 4 in Manas County was 2.0×10⁴ plants / 667m². In the process of safflower breeding and production practice, scientific and reasonable planting density should be selected as far as possible, and the lower safflower seeds were used as propagation materials in order to achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency.