人乳低聚糖研究进展

随着人们对人乳低聚糖（human milk oligosaccharides，HMOs）分布、有益生物活性，特别是调节人体肠道菌群益生元活性的认识日益深入，HMOs的相关研究越来越受到重视。然而，HMOs的应用通常是困难的，挑战在于适用于婴幼儿配方乳粉HMOs的特殊选择和天然来源中有限的HMOs含量，特殊HMOs应用的困难在于对于特定HMOs含量及其对儿童健康影响的研究很少。本文综述母乳中复杂的HMOs成分、可能的产品来源、功能和安全问题等方面的研究现状，重点综述HMOs成分、HMOs来源、HMOs生物活性的最新研究进展及未来研究方向。

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Past Achievements and Current Trends

With increasing knowledge about the distribution and beneficial bioactivities of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), especially prebiotic activities that modulate the human gut microbiota, HMOs have received growing research attention. However, the application of HMOs is generally difficult. The challenges are the special selection of suitable HMOs for infant formula and the limited amount of HMOs from natural sources. In the literature, there are few studies on the content of special HMOs and their impact on infant health outcomes. In this article, the current status of research on the complex composition, possible sources, functions and safety of HMOs are summarized with focus on the state-of-the-art in these regards. Finally, an outlook on future research directions is given.