深松对覆膜滴灌棉田根腐病害发生及根区环境的影响

【目的】 研究深松结合覆膜滴灌对绿洲棉田根区土环境与根腐病发生的影响。【方法】 在新疆阿克苏地区阿瓦提县设置深松30、40和50 cm(S₃₀、S₄₀和S₅₀)3种深松模式,以传统翻耕为对照(CK),研究深松对根腐病发病指数、土壤含水率、根系形态、根系活力及产量构成等影响。【结果】 与传统耕作相比,深松可有效降低耕层土壤容重,增加土壤储水能力,增加土壤扩库增容效果,病情指数的降低与土壤容重下降、土壤含水率的增加和根系活力增加具有显著的相关性。其中深松降低生育期根腐病发病指数7.0%～26.0%,以S₄₀处理效果最佳,发病指数较传统耕作相比降低26.0%。随着深松深度的增加土壤容重依次下降,与对照相比降低2.4%～10%。深松深度与根系主要形态指标与活力具有线性相关性,与传统耕作相比根系长度增加4%～34.6%,根系表面积增加13.1%～44.8%,根系体积增加9.2%～40.6%,根系活力增加7%～42.9%。根区环境的改善促进产量增加,S₄₀处理皮棉产量分别较CK、S₃₀、S₅₀增加了22.2%、15.7%和2.5%。【结论】 在新疆南疆棉区采用深松结合覆膜滴灌措施具有良好的蓄水保墒和防病增产效果,对棉花生长有利,深松40 cm处理可作为较为理想的根腐病农艺防治措施在生产中推广应用。

Effects of Subsoiling on Root Rot Diseases and Root Zone Environment

【Objective】 The main reason for the aggravation of root rot disease is to increase the pathogenic microorganism in the plough layer in the long-term continuous cropping. Deep loosening can improve the structure of the plough layer and promote the root system to root down, so as to significantly reduce the occurrence of soil borne diseases. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of mulching drip irrigation combined with deep loosening on soil environment and root rot of cotton fields in oasis. 【Method】 Three patterns of subsoiling 30, 40 and 50 cm (S₃₀, S₄₀, S₅₀) were set up in Awati County of Akesu City, with traditional tillage as control (CK) to study the effects of root rot index, soil water content, root morphology, root activity and yield components on root rot. 【Result】 Compared with traditional tillage, subsoiling effectively reduced soil bulk density, increased soil water storage capacity, and increased soil storage capacity. The decrease of disease index was significantly related to the decrease of soil bulk density, the increase of soil moisture content and the increase of root activity. Among them, subsoiling decreased the incidence index of root rot by 7.0% - 26.0%, and S₄₀ treatment was the best, the incidence index decreased by 26.0% compared with traditional tillage. With the increase of the depth of subsoiling, the soil bulk density decreased in turn, 2.4%-10% lower than that of the control. There was a linear correlation between the depth of subsoiling and the main morphological indexes and vigor of roots. Compared with the traditional cultivation, the root length increased by 4%-34.6%, the root surface area increased by 13.1%-44.8%, the root volume increased by 9.2%-40.6%, and the root activity increased by 7%-42.9%. Finally, the lint yield of S₄₀ was 22.2%, 15.7% and 2.5% higher than those of CK, S₃₀ and S₅₀, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Based on the experimental study, the deep loosening combined with film mulching drip irrigation in the cotton area of southern Xinjiang had a good effect of water storage and moisture conservation, disease control and yield increase, which was beneficial to cotton growth. Considering the control effect and operation cost, the deep loosening 40 cm treatment was suggested to be used as an ideal agricultural control measure of root rot in production.