Establishment of shrub species in a degraded semiarid site after inoculation with native or allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Soil and Water Conservation, CSIC-Centro de Edafologı́a y Biologı́a Aplicada del Segura, P.O. Box 4195, Campus de Espinardo, 30100-Murcia, Spain;2. Microbiology Department, CSIC-Estación Experimental del Zaidı́n, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008-Granada, Spain;1. Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;2. University of Kansas, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;1. Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Al-Anbia University of Technology, Iran;2. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil;2. Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Blumenau, SC, Brazil;3. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Biologia, Maringá, PR, Brazil;4. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Unidade Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy;2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy;1. Unité de Recherche: Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources en Zones Arides (BVBZA), Faculté des Sciences de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Tunisia;2. Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis Al-Manar, Tunisia;3. Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;4. Center for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia;5. Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;6. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;1. School of Plant Biology, and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia;2. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia;3. CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra 2601, Australia;4. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The re-establishment of native shrub species in the Mediterranean basin serves to restore the characteristic biodiversity and to prevent the processes of erosion and desertification in semiarid areas. A field experiment was carried out in an abandoned semiarid agricultural Mediterranean area to assess the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation, with a mixture of native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or an allochthonous AM fungus (Glomus claroideum), on the establishment of Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boissier and Rhamnus lycioides L. seedlings in this area. One year after planting, shoot biomass of inoculated O. europaea and P. lentiscus seedlings was greater, by about 630% and 300%, respectively, than that of non-inoculated plants. Shoot biomass of G. claroideum-colonised R. sphaerocarpa plants was significantly greater than that of seedlings inoculated with the mixed native AM fungi after 12 months. The increase of R. lycioides growth due to inoculation with native AM fungi was significantly greater than that of G. claroideum-colonised seedlings during the same growth period. Inoculation with a mix of native AM fungi was the most effective treatment for increasing shoot biomass and N, P and K contents in shoot tissues of R. lycioides seedlings. The mixture of native AM fungi was the most effective with respect to colonisation of the roots of O. europaea and R. lycioides, but the native AM fungi and G. claroideum achieved similar levels of colonisation in P. lentiscus and R. sphaerocarpa. The use of native mycorrhizal potential as a source of AM inoculum may be considered a preferential inoculation strategy to guarantee the successful re-establishment of native shrub species in a semiarid degraded soil. |
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