An agro-pastoral household model for the rangelands of East Africa |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China;2. Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and University of Göttingen, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;3. Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;4. Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany;5. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;6. International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, 02763 Zittau, Germany;1. Research Ecologist US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009, and Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;2. Research Leader and Rangeland Scientist, US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009, and Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;3. Professor Emeritus, Department of Biology and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA |
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| Abstract: | East Africa contains areas with some of the greatest large mammal biodiversity on the planet. These areas are key natural resources for the economic development of the region. They are also key areas for pastoralists who have co-existed with wildlife for millennia. Increasing populations, conflicts between wildlife and cattle, and the growth of agriculture, are all placing great pressure on these lands This paper describes the development of a pastoralist socio-economic model that is linked to the Savanna ecosystem model. In this way, options and scenarios could be investigated for their impacts not only on the ecosystem but also on pastoralist households and their welfare. The model, named PHEWS (Pastoral Household and Economic Welfare Simulator), tracks the flow of cash and dietary energy in pastoralist households using a simple set of rules. The model was calibrated for the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), northern Tanzania. The results of two population increase scenarios are presented. Model results indicate that all households in NCA depend to some degree on outside sources of calories, and that pastoralist welfare in NCA, even with small amounts of agriculture allowed, is under severe pressure at current human population levels. Strengths and weakness of the model are discussed, and next steps in its application identified. |
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