叶类蔬菜对重金属的敏感性研究

目的]研究叶类蔬菜对土壤中重金属的敏感性,为减少蔬菜重金属污染提供理论依据。方法]采用盆栽试验种植油麦菜、小白菜、生菜3种叶类蔬菜,加入外源重金属Cu、Zn、Pb使土壤达到试验预设浓度值,室内测定重金属Cu、Zn、Pb在蔬菜体中的含量变化。结果]蔬菜中重金属含量与土壤中重金属含量密切相关,相关系数多为0.91～0.95,并随土壤中重金属总量的增加而增加;3种叶类蔬菜中,小白菜对重金属富集能力最强,富集系数最高,达0.51,是最敏感的蔬菜;蔬菜对Cu、Zn的富集能力明显高于Pb;西安市南郊蔬菜基地土壤符合国家土壤环境质量一级标准,土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb的环境剩余容量值分别为：59.2、205.8、3.2 mg/kg,Pb元素已接近阈值。结论]应根据不同蔬菜品种对重金属富集能力的差异,合理进行蔬菜的生产布局,可在重金属污染较严重的区域种植一些对重金属富集能力低的蔬菜品种。

Research on the Sensitivity of Leafy Vegetables to Heavy Metal

Objective] In order to reduce the heavy metal pollution in vegetables,the sensitivities of leafy vegetables to heavy metals were studied.Method] Three kinds of leafy vegetables which were Lactuca sativa L.,pakchoi and lettuce were planted with pot experiment.With adding exogenous heavy metal Cu,Zn and Pb,the heavy metal content in soil reached the default values.And the content change of heavy metals Cu,Zn,Pb in vegetables was determined in experiment room.Result] First,the heavy metals content in vegeta...