机翼型闸墩量水闸门水力性能试验研究

针对特设量水设施缺少调控功能和传统闸门测流精度低的问题，设计一种以机翼形量水槽作闸墩的新型量水闸门，根据测流原理分析确定试验观测参数，采用水力性能试验的方法，对不同流量Q、不同闸门开度e条件下量水闸门的过流流态变化及流量公式进行研究。结果表明：1）机翼型闸墩量水闸门各流态闸前水流平稳，上游水深和水翅最高点随流量增大而升高，随开度增加而降低；上游水面线的变化随流量增大而变小，随开度增加而变大。2）闸墩的流线体型使得堰孔流的判别阈值（闸门相对开度）发生改变，判别阈值随流量的增大而降低，而后趋于平稳，最低为0.75，高于平底坎平板闸门的判别阈值0.65。3）拟合得到新型量水闸门堰流及闸孔出流的流量公式，与实测流量对比，相对误差小于5%。本研究提出的机翼型闸墩量水闸门既实现测控一体的功能，又保证流量的精准测量，可为灌区量水设施应用及研发提供参考。

Experiment on hydraulic performance of the airfoil-shaped-pier measuring sluice

In view of the problems of the absence of regulatory function and the low measurement accuracy of traditional sluices, this study designed a new measuring sluice with airfoil-shaped measuring flume as sluice pie. Based on the experimental observation parameters determined by the analysis of flow measurement principle, the pattern of flow regime passing the sluice and new flow formulas were investigated by the hydraulic performance tests under different flow rates(Q)and sluice opening levels(e). The results show that: 1)The flow in front of the airfoil-shaped-pier measuring sluice are stable under various flow regimes. The water depth of upstream and the top of water-wing increases as the flow rate increases but decreases as the sluice opening increases. However the changes of the upstream water surface line is more obscure as the flow rate increases and more pronounced as the angle of the sluice opening increases. 2)The threshold value(sluice relative opening)of the weir flow and the orifice flow has changed because of the streamline shape of the pier, it decreases as the flow rate increases and then tends to be stable. It has the minimum value 0. 75 but is higher than 0. 65 of the traditional slab sluice. 3)The flow formulas of the weir flow and the orifice flow are obtained through a fit, and the relative error is less than 5% compared with the observed flow rate. In conclusion, the airfoil-shaped-pier measuring sluice in this study realizes the function of measurement and control integration as well as ensures accurate flow measurement, which can provide a reference in the application and investigation of flow measurement devices in irrigation district.