湖南省不同种源山苍子主要形态及经济性状的分析与评价

为给山苍子资源的有效利用提供理论参考依据,以湖南省10个不同海拔分布区的山苍子资源为研究对象,测定了其冠幅、株高、枝下高、花朵数量、坐果率及鲜果含油率、柠檬醛含量等主要形态及经济性状指标,比较分析了不同种源地的山苍子鲜果含油率及其精油中柠檬醛含量间的差异性。测定结果表明:10个海拔分布区的山苍子其株高、冠幅和枝下高分别为3.51~5.30 m、3.90~7.15 m和0.26~0.60 m;其花期均为盛花期;每个标准枝的花朵数量间的差异较大,其变化范围为381~1 591朵;而其坐果率间的差异不显著,其均值为49.69%;其单果鲜质量间的差异也不显著,其均值为0.127 g;其鲜果含油率间的差异较为显著,其中,湘西凤凰的最高(达到3.67%),而永州双牌、郴州桂东和永州冷水滩的(分别为3.57%、3.46%和3.35%)次之;其精油中的柠檬醛含量表现有差异较为明显的3个等级,其中,湘西凤凰的最高(72.26%),郴州汝城、怀化麻阳和怀化中方的均较低(分别为65.21%、63.78%和63.56%),其余分布区的均居中等水平(68.28%~69.25%)。综合分析结果表明,不同种源地的山苍子其天然种群的遗传多样性较为丰富,山苍子鲜果含油率及精油中的柠檬醛含量间均有一定的差异性。

Analysis and evaluation of morphological and economic characteristics in Litsea cubeba from different provenances of Hunan province

In order to provide references for efficient utility ofLitsea cubeba,using L.cubeba resources from distribution areas at different altitudes of Hunan province as study objects,some main morphological and economical characteristics were determined,analyzed,and compared,including canopy diameter,height,clear bole height,flower number,fruit setting rate,oil content in fresh fruit and citml content.The results showed that plant height,canopy diameter and branch height in L.cubeba from 10 sampling sites were 3.51-5.30 m,3.90-7.15 m and 0.26-0.60 m,respectively.All plants got into the full flowering stage.Flower number per standard branch had significant differences,and the range was from 381 to 1 591.Fruit setting rate had no significant differences,and the average was 49.69％.Fresh mass per fruit had no significant differences,and the average was 0.127 g.Oil content infresh fruit had significant differences.The samples from Fenghuang of westem Hunan had the highest oil content (3.67％),followed by Shuangpai of Yongzhou (3.57％),Guidong of Chenzhou (3.46％) and Lengshuitan of Yongzhou (3.35％).The citral contents were divided into 3 grades with significant differences.The samples from Fenghuang of western Hunan had the highest level of citral content (72.26％),whereas Rucheng of Chenzhou (65.21％),Mayang of Huaihua (63.78％) and Zhongfang of Huaihua (63.56％) had lower levels of citral content.The rest had the moderate level of citral content (68.28％-69.25％).In a conclusion,genetic diversity of natural L.cubeba population at different areas was rich,and oil contents in fresh fruits and citral contents had significant differences.