沼肥对设施红地球葡萄光合特性及品质的影响

为了探寻最适的沼肥施用方式,以日光温室栽培的5年生‘红地球’葡萄为试材,在‘红地球’葡萄果实第一次膨大期,设置施用化肥(作为对照)、沼液、沼渣、沼液+沼渣混合肥等几种肥料,每种施肥施用时间分别设定了1、2、3、4个月,就不同沼肥处理对葡萄光合特性及品质的影响情况进行试验。结果表明,沼液+沼渣混合沼肥处理3个月,或单一沼渣连续处理4个月,均可极显著提高土壤速效N、P、K含量,可以满足有机葡萄生长的需要,设施葡萄表现为光合速率增加,果实含糖量上升,果粒大小也有了极显著的增加。沼肥的作用机理可能是通过增加土壤速效N、P、K含量以及补充各种微量元素,活化了葡萄体内的光合酶系统,从而提高了葡萄的光合效率;它还通过增加葡萄果实膨大的时间和效率,增加碳水化合物的积累,从而引起葡萄品质的提升。通过进一步逐步回归分析发现,影响葡萄第一次膨大期光合效率的主要因素是土壤速效K含量。

Influences of biogas fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and quality of Red Globe grape in greenhouse

In order to research the best approach for applying bio-gas fertilizer,using five-year-old ‘Red Globe’ grapes in solar greenhouse as tested samples,influences of different biogas fertilizer application on physical and chemical characteristics and quality of grapes in greenhouse were researched with different fertilizers such as chemical fertilizer (CK),biogas slurry,biogas slag and mixed fertilizer of biogas slurry and biogas slag at first swelling period of fruits,and each of which was applied over different time spans of 1,2,3 and 4 months.The results showed that applying mixed fertilizer ofbiogas slurry and biogas slag for 3 months or applying biogas slag for 4 months could extremely significantly increase available N,P and K contents in soil and satisfy needs of grape growing.Photosynthetic rate and sugar content in grapes in greenhouse were increased,and fruit size was extremely significantly enlarged.The action mechanism ofbiogas fertilizer could be to energize photosynthetic enzyme systems of grapes by increasing the contents of available N,P and K and supplementing various micro-elements,thus increasing photosynthetic rate of grapes.Moreover,it could expend time and enhance efficiency of grape fruit swelling,and could accumulate more carbohydrates,thus making a qualitative leap of grape quality.The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the main factor influencing photosynthetic rate at the first swelling period of grape fruits was available K content in soil.