美国先锋玉米杂优模式利用对中国玉米育种的影响

近年来,美国先锋种子公司在国内审定了许多品种,其利用主要杂优模式是A×B;母本来源主要是Reid血缘的选系,父本是Lancaster血缘选系。先锋玉米杂交种以其脱水快、出籽率高、品质好、生育期适中等优点,深受农民青睐,种植面积迅速扩大,在辽宁北部、吉林、黑龙江南部成为主栽品种。国内玉米品种利用主要模式是Reid×旅系、Reid×唐四平头改良系,其杂交种存在着后期脱水慢,出籽率不高,熟期偏长,商品性一般等缺点,逐渐被先锋杂交种所取代。先锋玉米对中国育种有着很重要的影响,育种者普遍认为：熟期适中,出籽率高,品质好,脱水快,抗多种病害,抗倒,适应区域广,是今后玉米育种主攻目标,改变了中国育种者的育种观念。

Effect of Utilization of Maize Heterotic Patterns of US Pioneer on China's Maize Breeding

In recent years,Several maize varieties,cultivated by US Pioneer Seed Company,passed the approval of china＇s maize varieties.The major heterotic pattern of Pioneer Seed Company is A×B,and the main source of the female parent and the male parent were mainly selected from Reid and Lancaster,respectively.Pioneer corn hybrids have many advantages,such as fast dehydration,higher rate of kernel production,good quality and moderate maturity.Pioneer maize hybrids were deeply welcomed by the majority of farmers so that the cultivated area of Pioneer maize hybrids was rapid expansion.Nowadays,Pioneer maize hybrids have become the main cultivated varieties in Liaoning northeast,Jilin and Heilongjiang southern.The heterotic pattern in China＇s maize breeding mainly included Reid×Luda Red Cob,Reid×Improved Tang Sipingtou.Maize hybrids produced by the two heterotic patterns had a lot of shortcomings,such as slow dehydration,not high rate of kernel production,long maturity and general commodity,etc.China＇s maize hybrids have been gradually replaced by Pioneer maize hybrid.Pioneer maize breeding has a significant impact on China＇s maize breeding.At the resent time,breeders generally agreed that the main targets for future maize breeding is to cultivate the varieties which must have such characteristics as moderate maturity,higher rate of kernel production,good quality,fast dehydration,higher disease and lodging resistance,wide regional adaptability and red cob.These ideas have changed the breeding concept of China＇s breeders.