Symbiosis of Trifolium subterraneum with mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium trifolii as affected by ammonium sulphate and nitrification inhibitors |
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Authors: | Christina A Chambers Sarah E Smith FA Smith MD Ramsey DJD Nicholas |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Botany, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia;2. Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia |
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Abstract: | The symbioses between Trifolium subterraneum, mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizohium are affected by (NH4)2SO4 and by the nitrification inhibitors 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl) pyridine (N-Serve) and 2-trichloromethyl pyridine (2TMP). At 50 μg · g?1 soil N-Serve and 2TMP had toxic effects on plant growth, measured as leaf expansion, root length and dry weight. Lower concentrations of N-Serve also produced some toxic symptoms. The addition of (NH4)2SO4 to the soil at 2 and 6 m-equiv NH+4 per pot, resulted in reduced root length and nodulation. Shoot dry weight was reduced at 6 m-equiv NH+4 per pot. In the presence of (NH4)2SO4 the toxic effects of the nitrification inhibitors on plant growth were less.Both nitrification inhibitors reduced development of mycorrhizal entry-points and extent of root colonization (% infection). Percentage infection of the root system was also reduced by (NH4)2SO4. Development of nodules on the lateral roots was increased in the presence of N-Serve at 5 and 15 μ · g?1. This effect, however, was accompanied by a marked reduction in N2ase activity. Smaller increases in nodulation were apparent with 2TMP and were associated with variable N2ase activity. |
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