浑善达克沙地公路综合防护技术及其效益分析

浑善达克沙地省际通道综合防护体系包括:公路沙害快速治理和沙源控制技术及耐风沙植被建植技术。阻沙带、固沙带改变了风沙流结构,降低了输沙强度,增加了地表粗糙度,有效的起到了削弱风速,阻截流沙,控制沙丘前移,保持地表稳定的作用;建立稳定的耐风沙植被是持久固沙和生物防护的核心;首次大规模使用“固沙网”专利技术产品用于公路快速固沙保苗,实践证明采用固沙网与柳条立式沙障的组合固沙技术对于快速固沙和植被恢复的作用更加显著;并提出了公路沙害快速治理技术体系与配套的技术措施。项目实施过程中3年投入产出比为1∶2.6,通过公路沙害治理工程的实施,稳定防护10年的经济总收益为4.67亿元;如将挖方路堑段砂质陡坡用植物固沙措施代替传统石砌护面墙技术推广至其它工程,效益更为显著。该项目技术研究与工程建设紧密结合,操作性强,能快速有效治理荒漠化地区公路沙害,总结出了沙区公路、铁路沙害的治理模式,对于我国荒漠化治理有推广应用价值。

Benefit Analysis and Integrated Preservation Technology System of the Shelter Belt of Highway in Otindag Sandy Land

The integrated preservation technology systems of the provincial highway in Otindag Sandy Land include: the technique for rapid controlling of highway sand calamity,the controlling of sand source and the cultivating of sand resistant plants.The sand-prevention belt and the sand-fixed belt have changed the structure of sandstorm flows,lowered the sandy-transportation rate.At the same time,it increased the roughness and took an important role in weakening wind velocity,preventing sand,controlling dune moving and keeping surface stability.The results showed that the establishment of the stable sand-resistant vegetation was the core of long-term sand-fixing and the biological technique prevent and cure sand calamity.The large-scale application of sand-fixation net to fix sand and protect seeding quickly for the first time,the practice proved that It was a different effect on rapid sand-fixing and resuming vegetation to adopt sand-fixation net was greatly combined with the standing willow sand-barrier.Therefore,we suggested a technical system for rapid controlling of highway sand calamity and the configuring of measure.The ratio of investment and benefit of project was 1:1.26 during the 3 years.The economical gross income will be 467 million yuan after 10 years.If we generalize plant sand-fixation to replace the traditional stone inlaying engineering as the new method of the protection of steep sandy-slope of excavation of highway,the effect will more marked.Combining with engineering,this set of techniques was flexible,effective and easy to use.Consequently,it showed an important value in both practice and academy for wind-proofing and sand-fixing on highway in desert regions.