土壤养分空间变异与大豆分区施肥技术研究

采用全球卫星定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对黑龙江省红星农场土壤进行了空间变异特征和分区施肥研究。结果表明,黑龙江省北部大豆主产区黑土养分含量比较丰富,氮、磷、硼含量较高,钾、硫、锌含量较低。土壤中N、P、K、S、B、Zn的空间分布具有明显的变异性。土壤养分偏斜程度与土壤养分变异系数的之间存在密切的线性相关关系,相关系数R=0．8980。大豆分区平衡施肥取得了显著效果。较习惯施肥平均增产298kg／hm2,平均增产率10．8％,平均增收610元／hm2。

Study on the Technology of Spatial Variation of Soil Nutrients and Regionalized Fertilization of Soybean

Spatial variability and regionalized fertilization in Hongxing farm of Heilongjiang province was studied using the technology of Global Positioning System and Geography Information System. The results showed that the black soil in the north of Heilongjiang province was relatively rich in fertilities; the contents of nitrogen, phosphorous and boron were fairly high, but the contents of potassium, sulphur and zinc were comparatively low. The variation of spatial distribution of N, P, K, S, B and Zn was significant. The close correlation existed between the degree of soil nutrients declining and the coefficient of variance of soil nutrient; and the coefficient of correlation was 0.8980. The regionalized fertilization of soybean has achieved a good result, through which the yield increased 298 kg/hm2, the increase rate was 10.8%, the benefit was 610 yuan/hm2, on average.