不同施肥处理对花生产量及品质的影响

【目的】探讨广西热带、亚热带花生种植区适合施肥技术。【方法】设置不施肥、施化肥、化肥配施鸡粪、化肥配施猪粪、化肥配施牛粪5个处理，研究化肥基施和追施条件下对不同品种花生的生长、养分吸收及产量、品质的影响。【结果】粪肥的施用促进了磷钾养分向果实转化；追施化肥会让花生徒长，最终增产不明显或导致减产。在基施和追施化肥前提下，配施鸡粪能促进花生前期生长并显著提高花生生物鲜重，其效果最好，但配施牛粪的花生产量、品质综合表现最佳。桂花771的花生干荚果和干仁产量稍低于桂花30，但出仁率、脂肪含量更高，两者理论产油量相当。【结论】广西花生生产中施肥应全部用作基肥。

Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of peanut

【Objective】The current experiment was carried out in order to explore the suitable fertilization mode for peanut production in tropical and subtropical regions from Guangxi. 【Method】Five treatments， including non-fertilizer treatment， chemical fertilizer， chemical fertilizer ＋ chicken manure， chemical fertilizer ＋ pig manure， and chemical fertilizer ＋ cattle manure， were arranged to research the effect of basal and topdressing fertilization modes on peanut （Guihua 771 and Guihua 30） growth， nutrients uptake， yield， and quality. 【Result】The results showed that dung fertilizer application promoted the P， K transformation to pod， and topdressing of inorganic fertilizers led to excessive growth of peanut， which caused the peanut yield to either increase slightly or decrease. Under the condition of basal fertilization and top dressing with inorganic fertilizer， inorganic fertilizers ＋chicken manure could promote the early peanut growth and significantly improve the peanut bio-fresh weight. As a result， the inorganic fertilizers＋cattle manure was the treatment that produced optimal performance for overall yield and quality improvement. In this study， the dry peanut pods and kernel production of Guihua 771 were slightly lower than those of Guihua 30， but the shelling percentage and fat content Guihua 771 were higher than that of Guihua 30； the theoretical oil productions of the two varieties were equal. 【Conclusion】Thus basal fertilizer was the best fertilization treatment for peanuts production in Guangxi.