广西农业生态系统外来人侵杂草发生与危害现状分析

了解广西农业生态系统外来人侵杂草发生与危害状况，为外来入侵杂草的风险评估与防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用文献资料与野外调查相结合的方法，于2011年10月～2012年9月对广西境内14个地级市80个县区稻田、甘蔗地、木薯地、桑园、果园、蔬菜以及其他作物地外来入侵杂草进行系统调查，调查内容包括外来入侵杂草的种类、分布、生境及危害程度。【结果】查明广西农业生态系统有外来入侵杂草101种，隶属27科74属，其中以菊科最多，有25种，其次为禾本科17种、苋科8种、茄科7种、豆科6种、旋花科和大戟科各5种；从植物性状看，以草本植物为主，有88种，占87．13％；从分布特点看，以全区分布为主，有67种，占66．34％；从危害程度看，危害严重的外来杂草有15种，危害程度中等的有22种。【结论】广西农业生态系统外来杂草种类多、数量大、危害重，建立外来物种监测、风险评估及防控体系是防范外来杂草入侵的有效途径。

Occurrence and damage of alien invasive weeds in Guangxi agricultural ecosystem

[Objective]The study was performed to investigate the occurrence and damage of alien invasive weeds in Guangxi agricultural ecosystem in order to provide references for their risk assessment and further prevention and control. [Method] Based on field investigations and related literatures, systematic study was conducted from October 2011 to September 2012 to investigate variety, distribution, habitat and damage degree of invasive weeds in rice, sugarcane, cassava, mulberry, orchard, vegetable and other crop fields in 80 counties and 14 cities of Guangxi. [Result]A total of 101 species of invasive plants belonging to 74 genus and 27 families were identified in Guangxi farmlands. Amongst them, Compositae was the most in- vasive weeds, which was consisted of 25 species and it was followed by Gramineae （ 17 species）, Amaranthaceae （8 species ）, Solanaceae （7 species）, Leguminosae （6 species）, Convolvulaceae （5 species） and Euphorbiaceae （5 species）. There were 88 species of herb, accounting for 87.13% of the total species. A total of 67 kinds of weeds scattered around Guangxi, which made up 87.13%. Regarding damaging level, 15 kinds were severe alien invasive weeds and 22 varieties were moderate alieninvasive weeds. [Conclusion]Alien invasive weeds in Guangxi farmlands involved multi species and huge quantities, which have caused serious harm to agricultural economy. Monitor setup, risk assessment, prevention and control system of Mien invade species were efficient ways for defending against the alien invasive weeds.