基于土地适宜性评价的农作物种植区划研究——以宜宾市翠屏区早茶为例

【目的】对四川省宜宾市翠屏区早茶种植进行土地适宜性评价，为扩大早茶种植面积、科学规划茶叶种植基地提供科学管理依据。【方法】以四川省宜宾市翠屏区为例，选取立地条件、土壤理化性状和养分状况3个方面的生态适宜性评价因子，在地里信息系统（GIS）的支持下，利用耕地地力评价成果资料，定量获取各评价因子信息，采用AHP法确定各评价因子的权重，对早茶种植的生态适宜性进行综合评价。【结果】翠屏区早茶最适宜区主要分布在长江沿岸以及周边低山区，占全区总面积的1．12％；适宜区主要分布在翠屏区中部的中丘浅丘区，占全区总面积的54．01％；次适宜区主要分布在翠屏区西部和东南部的平坝或浅丘地区，占全区总面积的39．33％；不适宜区主要分布在市区、场镇周边及河滩坝区，占全区总面积的5．54％。区域内94．46％的范围各项生态指标均达到国内适宜水平，区位优势明显。【结论】评价结果可为翠屏区茶业资源的合理分配和规划、下一步重点发展最适宜区和适宜区的乡镇进行规模化种植、针对早茶种植进行科学肥料配方的完善与应用提供方法和技术支持。

Study on crop planting regionalization based on land suitability evaluation A case study of early tea in Cuiping District of Yibin City, Sichuan Province

Objective ]Land suitability evaluation was conducted for early tea planting in Cuiping District of Yibin City in Sichuan Province in order to provide scientific management references for expanding early tea planting area and scientifi- cally planning tea planting base construction. Method]Three ecological suitability assessment factors including site condi- tions, physicochemical properties of soil and nutrients status were chosen. With the support of Geographic Information Sys- tem （GIS）, based on the data of cultivated land fertility evaluation results, quantitative information of each evaluation factor was obtained. Through the AHP method, the weight of each evaluation factor was determined to make a comprehensive eval- uation on the ecological suitability of the tea. Result]The results showed that the most suitable planting area for Cuiping tea was mainly distributed along the Yangtze River and the low mountainous area around, which accounted for about 1.12% of the whole District. The suitable area was predominantly in the central middle hilly and shallow hilly area of Cuiping District, occupying 54.01% of the total District. The sub-suitable area was mainly situated in the western and southeastern flatland and shallow hilly area of Cuiping District, accounting for 39.33% of the total District. The unsuitable area was in the urban area, towns and the river dam area, accounting for 5.54% of the total District. The ecological indicators of the 94.46% area in this District reached national appropriate level, meaning obvious geographic advantages. Conclusion]The evaluation re- sults could provide method and technical support for appropriately mapping and planning tea resources in Cuiping District, further developing mass cultivation in most suitable and suitable villages and towns, and optimizing scientific fertilization formula for early tea planting.