基于蒸发皿水面蒸发量的甘蔗滴灌栽培灌溉量研究

【目的】研究不同灌溉量对甘蔗生长的影响,为制定简单易行的甘蔗滴灌栽培灌溉计划提供参考。【方法】采用单因素随机区组设计进行田间试验,灌溉方式为地下滴灌。设3个不同灌溉量处理（A、B、C）,灌溉量分别为甘蔗冠层顶部水面蒸发量的1.25、1.00和0.75倍,以不灌溉处理作对照（CK）。在甘蔗生长过程调查萌芽率、分蘖率、生长速度;收获期调查株高、茎径、有效茎数,分析甘蔗品质,验收产量;甘蔗生育期统计降水量、蒸发量和灌溉量,研究不同灌溉量对甘蔗农艺性状、产量、品质、含糖量及灌溉利用效率的影响。【结果】处理A的萌芽率最高,达73.50%;处理B的分蘖率最高,达27.55%。甘蔗伸长期,各处理株高生长速度先快后慢,滴灌处理的株高生长量均显著高于对照。茎径方面表现为CK〉A〉C〉B,各处理之间无显著差异。处理A、B、C的实收产量均显著高于对照,分别比对照增产46.25%,40.75%和27.29%。处理C蔗糖分最高,达15.20%,处理B次之,CK最低;含糖量方面,处理B最高,为13163kg/ha,处理A次之,为13136kg/ha。处理B的灌溉利用效率和农田总供水利用效率均高于处理A和处理C,分别为49.32和56.60kg/ha·mm,处理B比处理A的灌溉量减少19.89%。【结论】综合考虑甘蔗产量、品质、含糖量和灌溉利用效率,在相似气候地理环境条件下,建议选择以甘蔗冠层顶部水面蒸发量的1.00倍作为甘蔗滴灌栽培的灌溉量。

Study on sugarcane drip irrigation water amount based on water surface evaporation

Objective]The effects of different irrigation water amount on sugarcane growth were studied to provide refer- ences for making simple and easily-operative sugarcane irrigation plan. Method]An experiment was conducted by single factor randomized plot design. There were three irrigation treatments （A,B,C） and a non-liTigation control （CK）. Irrigation amount of treatment A,B and C was 1.25,1.00 and 0.75 times of canopy water surface evaporation. The sprouting rate,tillering rate and growth rate were investigated during process of sugarcane growth. The plant height,stem diameter,number of millable stalks, quality and yield were measured at harvesting stage. The rainfall,evaporation and irrigation water amount were recorded during the whole growth period of sugarcane to assess the effects of different irrigation water amount on sugarcane agronomic traits, yield, quality, sucrose content, and irrigation use efficiency. Result]The highest sprouting rate was found in treatment A, reaching 73.50%,and the highest tillering rate was found in treatment B,reaching 27.55%. At the sugarcane elongation stage,the plant height grew fast initially but slowed down later in all treatments. The plant height growth increment of drip irrigation treat- ment was significantly higher than that of the control. As to the stem diameter,the sequence was CK〉A〉C〉B,but there was no significant difference among them. The yield production of drip irrigation treatment A, B and C was significantly higher than that of the control,which increased by 46.25% ,40.75% and 27.29%, respectively. The highest sucrose content of sugarcane was found in treatment B,which was 13163 kg/ha. The second highest was A, which was 13136 kg/ha, hTigation water use efficiency and agricultural water use efficiency of treatment B were 49.32 and 56.60 kg/ha.mm, respectively,which were higher than those of treatment A and treatment C. Irrigation water amount of treatment B was 19.89% lower than treatment A. Conclusion]Com- prehensively considering yield,quality,sucrose content and irrigation water use efficiency of sugarcane ,irrigation water amount of treatment B was more appropriate. The 1.00 times of 20 em standard pan evaporation should be suggested as a guideline for drip irrigation sugarcane culture under the similar eonditions.