碱度调节对南美白对虾室内高密度养殖水质及生长性状的影响

【目的】研究碱度调节对南美白对虾养殖水质和生长性状的影响，为零换水有氧异氧养殖系统（ZEAH）适宜碱度的选择提供参考。【方法】采用ZEAH养殖理念，通过泼洒碳酸氢钠（NaHCO3）将12个南美白对虾室内高密度养殖池的碱度分别控制在：T1碱度130mg／LCaCO3；T2碱度100mg／LCaCO3；T3碱度70mg／LCaCO3；T4不调节碱度，每处理设3个重复。在63d的养殖周期内，定期测量养殖水体理化参数和对虾生长性状参数。【结果】T1和T2处理的养殖水体主要理化参数显著优于T3和T4处理（P〈0．05），但T1和T2处理间差异不显著（P〉0.05）；各处理的氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、悬浮物和溶解CO：均随养殖时间的增加不断上升，但高碱度处理上升速率较慢。除成活率和饵料转化率外，T1和T2处理的对虾生长性状参数也显著优于T3和T4处理（P〈0．05）。从维持碱度水平来看，也是以T1（碱度调节间隔时间6～9d）和T2（碱度调节间隔时间9～12d）处理的效果较优。【结论】在高密度养殖系统中，使用碱性化合物增加碱度及提高水体缓冲能力是十分有必要的。综合考虑养殖成本和生态效益，以养殖水体碱度维持在100mg／LCaCO3为宜。

Effect of alkalinity regulation on water quality and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei reared indoor with high density

[Objective ]The effect of alkalinity regulation on water quality and growth performance of P. vannamei was studied to provide relevant information for suitable alkalinity selection of the zero exchange aerobic heterotrophic （ZEAH）. [Method]Based on the ZEAH concept, four treatments with three replicates of each were set （T1, alkalinity 130 mg/L CaCO3; T2, alkalinity 100 mg/L CaCO3; T3, the alkalinity 70 mg/L CaCO3; T4, no alkalinity adjustment） for control alkalinity of 12 P. vannamei indoor high-density breeding ponds. Within 63 days of the breeding cycle, water physicochemical parameters and the shrimp growth traits parameters were recorded on a regular basis. [ Result ] The results showed that physical and chemical parameters and breeding traits parameters （excepting for survival rate and bait conversion rate） of T1 （130 mg/L CaCO3） and T2 （100 mg/L CaCO3） group were significantly better than those of T3 and T4 （P〈0.05）. Between T1 group and T2 group, the difference was not significant. The ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, suspended solids and solvent CO2 in water of all treatments showed increase with the elongation of breeding time, but high alkalinity treatment increased slowly. The alkalinity maitaining effect of T1 group （alkalinity adjustment interval 6 to 9 days） and the T2 group （alkalinity adjustment interval 9 to 12 days） were better than those of T3 and T4 treatments. [Conclusion ] Considering ecological benefits and costs, it＇s optimum to maintain alkalinityat 100 mg/L C aCO3.