暖冬天气对淮北麦区小麦中后期部分群体质量指标及产量的影响

目的]研究暖冬对淮北地区小麦生育中后期若干指标的影响。方法]试验设施氮和密度2个因素，均设4个水平。施氯量在165～255kg／hm^2，基本苗在90万～270万／hm^2。肥料运筹为氮肥按基肥：拔节肥：孕穗肥=6：2：2的比例进行，磷酸二铵用量为225kg／hm^2，硫酸钾用量为135kg／hm^2。磷钾肥分基肥、拔节孕穗肥2次按7：3施用。结果]暖冬天气下小麦中后期群体茎蘖数偏大，有效分蘖整齐度差，茎蘖成穗率低；病虫害发生旱且严重，后期倒伏；穗后干物质积累量低于正常年份，产量降低。但暖冬天气可提高小麦较小群体的生产能力。结论]为实现暖冬趋势下小麦的稳产高产提供了科学依据。

Effects of Warm-winter On Some Indexes of Center Later Period Wheat in Huaibei Area

Objective]The research aimed to study the effects of warm-winter on some indexes of center later period wheat in Huaibei area. Method ] The test designed 2 factors of nitrogen and density with 4 levels respectively. The nitrogen application amount was 165 - 255 kg/hm2 ,and the basic seedling was 90×104-270×104/hm2. The ratio of basal: elongation: booting N fertilizer application was 6:2:2,the application amount of ( NH4 )2HPO4 was 225 kg/hm2 ,and the application,amount of K2SO4 was 135 kg/hm2. The ratio of basal: elongation and booting P and K fertilizer application were both 7:3. Result] The results indicated that warm-winter resulted in larger population,more slow deterioration rate of invalid in center later period and lower spikes ratio on tillers. The weather also led to the advance and increasing inci-dence of diseases (insects),falling in the later stage. Production capacity and dry matter amount after earing declined. But warm-winter could increase the production capacity of smaller wheat population. Conclusion] The study can provide the scientific basis for realizing the wheat high and stable yield under warm winter.