基于WOFOST模型的吉林省中西部春玉米灌溉模拟

利用1961?2015年吉林省中、西部气象站资料，采用Peman-Monteith公式计算主要种植区春玉米生长季蒸散量，并确认生育期内有效降水量，得到研究区域春玉米净灌溉量和各生育期灌溉需求指数，据此确定关键灌溉期；再利用WOFOST作物模型模拟代表站点在不同降水年型下各灌溉方案的产量情况，通过模拟产量的结果选取春玉米较优灌溉方案。结果表明：吉林省中西部有效降水量占春玉米需水量的69%左右，乳熟?成熟期、播种?出苗期和出苗?拔节期的灌溉需求指数较高，这3个生育期为春玉米灌溉关键期；吉林省中西部春玉米乳熟?成熟期灌溉效率最高，其次为播种?出苗期，可根据条件加强关键生育期灌溉。

Irrigation Simulation of Spring Maize in Central and Western of Jilin Province Based on WOFOST Model

Based on meteorological data from 1961 to 2015 of midwestern stations in Jilin Province, the Peman-Monteith formula was utilized to calculate the evapotranspiration of spring maize’s growing season in the main growing areas and confirm the effective precipitation in the growing periods. The net irrigation amount of maize and the irrigation requirement index determined the critical irrigation periods; then the WOFOST crop model was used to simulate the yield of irrigation schemes for different precipitation years of the site, and the critical irrigation periods which were verified through the simulation yielded results to get a better irrigation plan. The results showed that the effective precipitation in the midwest of Jilin Province accounted for about 69% of the water demand, and the irrigation requirement index was higher in the sowing?seedling stage, seedling?jointing stage and milk?maturing stage. The three growth periods were the critical periods of spring maize to irrigate. When the spring maize was irrigated, the most efficient irrigation stage was the milking?maturing stage, followed by the sowing?emergence stage, multiply the irrigation time during the critical growth periods.