不同基因型甘薯品种产量及营养成分的动态变化

以不同基因型甘薯品种为试材，研究了不同生态区的产量及块根中营养成分在栽插35—125d生长期间的动态变化。结果表明：泰安试验点，淀粉加工型甘薯品种平均鲜薯产量显著高于鲜食加工型品种，徐薯22产量最高，其次是徐薯25和中泰9号，徐薯18产量最低；鲜食加工型品种鲁薯8号鲜薯产量最高，其次是北京553。莱西试验点，徐薯18鲜薯产量显著高于鲁薯8号。同一品种在不同生态区的产量存在差异。从产量构成因素上分析，徐薯22的单株薯块鲜重和烘干率显著高于其他品种，其次是鲁薯8号，北京553最小。从甘薯营养成分含量来看，北京553可溶性糖含量最高，其次是徐薯18和徐薯22，鲁薯8号最低。不同基因型甘薯淀粉积累总量基本上呈直线变化，收获时徐薯22淀粉积累量最高，其次是鲁薯8号；徐薯22薯块蛋白质含量最高，北京553蛋白质含量最低。食用纤维和灰分含量在生育期内均呈逐渐下降趋势，北京553薯块纤维素含量最低，徐薯22灰分含量最高。两种类型甘薯块根钾含量均呈下降的趋势，收获期钾含量差异不明显。收获期鲁薯8号的磷含量最高，其次是北京553，徐薯22和徐薯18的磷含量较低。生产上应根据用途而选用品种。从本试验选用的7个品种中可以得出，泰安地区适宜种植的淀粉加工型品种为徐薯22、鲜食加工型品种为鲁薯8号。

Dynamic Changes of Yield and Nutritional Components of Different Genotypical Sweet Potato Varieties

The dynamic changes of yield and nutritional components of different genotypical sweet potato varieties were studied during 35~125 days planted in different ecological areas.The results were as follows.In Taian area,the average fresh tuber yield of starch-processing type sweet potato was significantly higher than that of the fresh-processing type.Among the starch-processing varieties,the yield of Xushu 22,Xushu 25,Zhongtai 9 and Xushu 18 decreased in turn.Among the fresh-processing varieties,the yield of Lushu 8 was the highest,next was Beijing 553.In Laixi area,the fresh tuber yield of Xushu 18 was significantly higher than that of Lushu 8.The yield of same variety was significantly different in different ecological areas.The fresh tuber weight per plant and dryed matter rate of Xushu 22 were the highest,next were Lushu 8 and Beijing 553.The soluble sugar content of Beijing 553 was higher than that of Xushu 18,Xushu 22 and Lushu 8 in turn.The total starch accumulation of different genotypical sweet potatos was basically in linear change,and that of Xushu 22 was the highest at harvest time,next was Lushu 8.The tuber protein content of Xushu 22 was the highest,while that of Beijing 553 was the lowest.The edible fiber and ash content gradually declined during the growth period.The fiber content of Beijing 553 was the lowest.The ash content of Xushu 22 was the highest.The potassium content declined in both the two genotypes and there was no obvious difference at harvest time.Lushu 8 had the highest phosphorus content at harvest time,the second were Beijing 553,Xushu 22 and Xushu 18.Different varieties should be selected for different use in production.This experiment could be concluded that the suitable starch-processing type was Xushu 22,while the suitable fresh-processing type was Lushu 8 in Taian area.