香蕉主要栽培类型的分类及其起源和演化的研究进展

香蕉是芭蕉科芭蕉属的草本果树，是世界上重要的热带水果之一，同时也是仅次于水稻、小麦和玉米的第四大粮食作物。栽培香蕉品种可简单分为鲜食蕉和主食蕉，大多为三倍体，其遗传背景十分复杂。研究栽培香蕉品种的起源和演化，对加快香蕉育种进程具有重要的指导意义。近年来香蕉种质资源的分子系统学研究取得较大进展，为开展育种工作提供了很多有用的遗传信息。该文更新了与栽培香蕉关系密切的芭蕉属内各野生种质的分类，对全球常见的栽培类型及其品种特点进行了归纳整理，包含7个基因组类型在内的18个栽培类群。同时，对常见栽培类群（AAA、AAB、ABB、AB）的起源及演化，特别是近期A基因组的祖先种溯源等方面进展进行了总结，并提出了研究展望。该文系统性地总结香蕉栽培品种的起源及演化等方面的科研进展，可为挖掘优异种质和基因资源，指导香蕉育种等方面的研究提供借鉴。

Advances in Classification of Main Cultivated Bananas (Musa spp.) and the Origins and Domestication

Banana, a monocotyledonous plant in the genus Musa of the family Musaceae, is one of the most important tropical fruit crops. Globally, banana is also the fourth most important staple food, followed by rice, wheat, and maize. Cultivated bananas, comprising dessert and cooking types, are mostly triploids with complicated genetic background. Researches on origins and domestication of cultivated bananas are essential for accelerating the process of banana breeding. In recent years, great progress has been made in molecular phylogenetics of banana germplasm resources, providing valuable genetic information to facilitate further uses in the design of breeding strategies. This review updated the sectional taxonomy of the wild species in the genus Musa closely related to cultivated bananas, and summarized the common cultivated groups in the world and their characteristics, encompassing 18 cultivated types in 7 genomic groups. Moreover, we concluded the recent updates on the origins and domestication of the most important cultivated groups including AAA, AAB, ABB and AB, the evolutionary biology of wild M. acuminata subspecies and the existence of undefined ancestral genepools which both contributed to the diversity of the cultivated bananas. Besides, we proposed the prospect for future researches on the cultivated bananas. This review, to the best knowledge of the authors, is systematically summarize the recent advances in the origins and domestication of the cultivated bananas, with a view to seeking elite germplasm and novel gene resources for providing references for the researches on banana breeding.