黄淮海夏玉米的育种目标及品种选育方法改良

分析了我国黄淮海夏玉米区的生产和品种推广情况,提出了本区的育种目标,即超级玉米新品种潜在产量应达到15t/hm2,小面积(1~2hm2)试验超过13.5t/hm2,大面积示范产量应达到12t/hm2;适宜在75 000株/hm2高密度下种植,高抗倒伏,高抗夏播区4种以上主要病害;中早熟,能适应黄淮海生态区气候。自交系产量高,夏播区制种产量达到6t/hm2。该区的专用品种选育应以优质饲料玉米品种为主。主要杂种优势群是Reid、塘四平头和温热Ⅰ群,由此组成3个主要杂优模式,Reid×塘四平头、温热Ⅰ×Reid、温热Ⅰ×塘四平头。自交系选育方法上,应通过增加种植密度90 000株/hm2)来提高选择压力,特别要加强对抗倒性状的选择。种质系统改良上,加强黄早四衍生系、478衍生系和温热Ⅰ群自交系的改良,引进春播区优良的340衍生系和Mo17衍生系。

Breeding objective and selecting method improvement of huang-huai-hai summer maize

The breeding objective was brought forward after analyzing the situation of production and spreading varieties in Huang-huai-hai summer maize region,that is,the yield potential of new super maize variety should arrive at 15 tons per hectare,while the small area(1~2 hm~2) over 13.5 tons and the large area with 12 tons per hectare.The new super maize should adapt to the climate of this region and the high density of 75 000 plants per hectare,have high resistance to lodging and more than four diseases,and be middle early.The leading selected varieties should be good forage corn with high yields of inbred lines,and the seed yield should arrive at 6 tons per hectare.In this region,there are three primary heterosis groups which composing three heterosis models-Reid×Tangsipingtou,WenreⅠ× Reid and WenreⅠ×Tangsipingtou.In the selecting course,increasing density(90000 plants per hectare) should be used to enhance the selecting pressure,especially when selecting lodging resistance.While improving the germplasm system,it should be done to improve Huangzaosi and 478 derived lines and WenreⅠinbred line,and introduce good derived lines 340 and Mo17.