浅析海洋管理理事会对海洋渔业的认证

世界渔业资源状况持续得不到有效改善,养护问题日益成为全球关注的热点之一。在此背景下,非政府组织通过对渔业认证,引导消费者的购买行为,以鼓励渔业的养护与可持续利用。作为一种非政府组织,海洋管理理事会自成立以来逐步形成了一套相对完善的认证体系。研究分析,近年来海洋管理理事会认证的渔业数量大幅度增加,已达近120个,未来还将继续增加;从数量上看,海洋管理理事会认证在发达国家认可度越来越高;但对已经衰退的渔业以及数据不充分的渔业、底拖网渔业等认证方面,海洋管理理事会仍需改善。对我国而言,国内渔业不可能申请海洋管理理事会认证,但其认证标准可为国内渔业管理提供参考。从事公海生产的远洋渔业企业,如我国金枪鱼公司,则可通过申请海洋管理理事会认证以进一步拓展和巩固发达国家市场。

Analysis on certifications by MSC of marine fisheries resources

The status of the world fisheries resources is not being improved, becoming one of concerns for international community. Against this backdrop, certification by non governmental organizations has been influencing the purchase willingness of consumers, so as to encourage the sustainable conservation and utilization of fisheries resources. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is such a non governmental organization and has a relative improved certification system since its establishment. The number of certificated fisheries has increased significantly in recent years, almost reaching 120; and the number is expected to increase in the near future. This research shows that certification by MSC has got great support from consumers in developed countries, demonstrating the greater recognition of MSC label. But certifications by MSC with respect to depleted fisheries, fisheries with poor data and bottom trawling fisheries have been full of controversies and are expected to be improved. Finally, a proposal has been made that on one hand, MSC certification principles and criteria might shed some light on domestic fisheries management whereas domestic fisheries are not likely to apply for this certification; on the other hand, Chinese companies operating in the high seas, such as those targeting tuna, should apply for this certification in order to explore further the markets of developed states.