四种园林花卉苗期抗旱特征分析及抗旱能力评价

为了促进园林花卉的科学养护,以4种北方园林草本花卉马蔺(Iris lactea Pall.var.Chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz)、金娃娃萱草(Hemerocallis fulva cv.‘Golden Doll’)、美国石竹(Dianthus barbatus f.American)和荷兰菊(Aster novi-belgii)为研究对象,通过室内条件下控制土壤相对含水量,研究3个不同土壤相对含水量水平下(正常含水(CK)、中度干旱(MS)、重度干旱(SS))4种园林花卉植物种苗生长过程中地上地下部分器官的抗旱特征,并采用隶属函数法评价这4种植物的抗旱能力。结果表明:(1)随着土壤相对含水量减少,马蔺的茎叶(含功能叶)和根系含水量均降低,根干重、根系长度均升高,根表面积随之升高;(2)金娃娃萱草在MS处理下根长、平均根直径、根表面积、根干重、根含水量、比叶重、茎叶干重、茎叶含水量均最高,表明金娃娃萱草苗期水分需求较低,根叶水分利用统一高效;(3)美国石竹根干重CK最高,MS与SS两处理差别不大,地上干重3种处理无明显差异。根含水与地上茎叶含水变化一致,先升高后降低,其它指标在不同水分处理下变化规律不明显;(4)荷兰菊在各土壤含水量处理下,根系生长变化与吸水特征不明显;(5)利用隶属函数综合评价4种植物抗旱能力的结果表明,金娃娃萱草的抗旱能力最强,马蔺和美国石竹次之,荷兰菊的抗旱能力较弱。

Characteristics Analysis and Ability Evaluation of Drought-resistant of Four Garden Flowers at Seedling Stage

In order to promote the scientific maintenance of garden flowers,taking northern four garden herb-flowers including Iris lactea Pall.var.Chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz,Hemerocallis fulva cv.'Golden Doll',Dianthus barbatus f.American,Aster novi-belgii as experimental materials,set three drought levels including normal growth(CK),moderate drought(MS) and heavy drought(SS) by means of controlling the soil relative water content,drought-resistant features of four plants' organs above-ground and under-ground at seedling stage were studied,the drought-resistant ability reciprocally was compared by membership function.The results showed that: (1)Along with the decrease of soil relative water content,the water content of shoot including functional leaf and root of Iris lactea Pall.var.Chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz decreased too.But the dry weight of root,the root length and the root surfarea rise oppositely.(2) The length of root,the root avgdiam,the root surfarea,the dry weight of root,the water content of root,the specific leaf weight,the dry weight of shoot and water content of shoot of Hemerocallis fulva cv.'Golden Doll' were the highest corresponding to MS treatment,it showed that the seedlings of 'Golden Doll' demand lower water with high efficiency on absorbing and using water between under-ground and above-ground organs.(3) The dry weight of root of Dianthus barbatus f.American of CK was highest,and only a litter change occurred between MS and SS.The dry weight of shoot had no significant difference among three treatments.The water content of root and the water content of shoot of Dianthus barbatus f.American rise and decrease successively,in addition,other measured characteristics of Dianthus barbatus f.American change unobviously and heterogeneously among different treatments.(4) The root growth and water absorption principles of Aster novi-belgii were not obvious,characteristics vary more apart under different treatments.(5) The drought-resistant ability of four plants were evaluated comprehensively by membership function,the results indicated that the drought-resistant ability order,Hemerocallis fulva cv.'Golden Doll' was the most strong,Iris lactea Pall.var.Chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz and Dianthus barbatus f.American took second place,Aster novi-belgii was relatively weak.