玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑钙土物理性质和产量的影响

为提高东北玉米集约化生产区秸秆资源利用和培肥土壤,采用大区对比试验,设置常规栽培(对照)、秸秆覆盖还田、秸秆粉碎旋耕还田和秸秆翻埋还田,采用常规方法探索半干旱地区玉米秸秆对土壤物理性质及产量的影响。结果表明:常规栽培方式(对照)土壤容重最大,为1.38g·cm~(-3),其次为覆盖还田、翻埋还田和旋耕还田,与对照相比分别降低了3.00%、8.06%和7.46%。0~20cm土层,吐丝期翻埋还田处理土壤含水量分别比常规栽培、覆盖还田、旋耕还田高12.20%、7.35%和16.30%;成熟期翻埋还田土壤含水量分别比常规栽培、覆盖还田和旋耕还田高18.52%、17.64%和22.63%。20~40cm土层,吐丝期翻埋还田土壤含水量分别比常规栽培、覆盖还田和旋耕还田高14.90%、13.73%和15.82%;成熟期翻埋还田土壤含水量分别比常规栽培、覆盖还田和旋耕还田高14.98%、14.66%和17.82%。覆盖还田处理的行粒数最大,其它还田方式略低。不同方式秸秆还田各处理间玉米产量存在一定差异,其年平均产量最高为秸秆翻埋还田,较对照提高9.6%。

Effect of Different Maize Straw-returning Modes on the Physical Properties of Chernozern Black Soil and Yield of Maize

In order to improve the straw resource utilization and soil fertility in the northeast intensive production area of maize,through the regional contrast test,sut up four treatments including regular cultivation(CK),straw mulching returning,straw crushing rotary tillage returning,straw digging returning,the effect of maize straw returning methods on soil physical properties and yield of maize were explored in the semi-arid areas.The results showed that soil bulk density of CK was the largest at 1.38 g·cm.-3,and secondly to straw mulching returning,compared with the control it was reduced by 3%,and soil bulk density of straw digging returning and rotary tillage returning was lower,compared with the control it was reduced by 8.06% and 7.46%,respectively.In the soil layer 0~20 cm silking stage,the water conten of straw digging returning was higher than CK,straw mulching returning and straw crushing rotary tillage returning for 12.20%,7.35% and 16.30%,respectively;in mature,the water conten of straw digging returning was higher than CK,straw mulching returning and straw crushing rotary tillage returning for 12.20%,7.35% and 16.30%,respectivelyfor 18.52%,17.60% and 22.63%.In soil layer 20~40 cm silking stage,the water conten of straw digging returning was higher than CK,straw mulching returning and straw crushing rotary tillage returning for 14.90%,13.73% and 15.82%.In mature,the water conten of straw digging returning was higher than CK,straw mulching returning and straw crushing rotary tillage returning for 14.98%,14.66% and 17.82%.Grains per row of straw digging returning was the largest,the other returning treatment was only slightly lower.The yield of different treatments had certain differences,average annual yield of straw digging returning was the highest,increased by 9.6% than CK.