不同玉米基础群体选系穗部性状的配合力效应分析

以15个自选系为母本,5个不同杂优类群的测验系为父本,按照NCⅡ设计配成75个杂交组合,在河南3个地点裂区试验,分析了穗部性状的配合力效应.结果表明:1)组合及双亲各自之间配合力差异均达极显著或显著水平,父、母本互作除千粒重差异不显著外,其余穗部性状均存在板显著差异;2)不同母本系之间的一般配合力(GCA)效应差别明显,穗长以自选系M6和M8最高,穗粗以M15最高,穗粒重的以MI,M4最高,分别极显著高于其它系;3)不同组合穗部各性状的特殊配合力(SCA)效应也不同,组合问差别极显著,稳粒重以M3×N1和M14×N1的SCA效应最高.分别达15.556和15.318,而M12×N1最差,为-21.587;4)穗长、穗粗、穗行数和行粒教的遗传力较高,尤其行粒数最高,而千粒重、稳重、穗粒重和出子率的遗传力相对较低.

Analysis of combining ability on ear traits of maize inbreeds from different groups

Seventy five crosses were composed according to NCH design using 15 inbreeds as female and five as male parents from different heterosis groups, and trailed under split block design at three locations in Henan.And the effects of combining ability on ear traits were evaluated in this research.The resuits showed that:1) highly significant differences had been found among crosses and their parents on ear characters as well as female x male parent interactions except for 1 000 kernel weight, respectively; 2) significant differences in GCA effects existed among female parents, the inbreed lines M6 and M8 were the highest in ear length GCA effect, M15 in ear diameter as well as M1 and M4 in grain weight per ear, much better than other lines, respectively; 3) the SCA effects were also significantly different among crosses in ear traits,and the crosses M3 × N1 and M14 × N1 had the highest SCA effects in grain weight per ear with positive value of 15.556 and 15.318, while the cross M12 × N1 was the poorest with negative value of-21.587; 4) the heritability was higher in ear length, ear diameter, row numbers per earand kernels per row than in 1 000 kernel weight, ear weight, grain weight per ear and ratio of grain weight, especially the kernels per row with the highest hereditary capacity.