沙漠绿洲隔沟交替灌溉辣椒的耗水特征及作物系数研究

为研究交替灌溉条件下辣椒的作物系数及土壤水分变化，用水量平衡法测定辣椒各生育期耗水量及土壤水分动态，实测得到辣椒各生育期的作物系数，并将作物系数与辣椒叶面积指数回归分析，研究隔沟交替灌溉辣椒各生育期的耗水特征及作物系数。结果表明，辣椒结果盛期是耗水量最大的时期，在辣椒定植—坐果期和结果末期交替灌溉处理作物的总耗水量与对照无显著差异，但结果盛期交替灌溉的总耗水量显著减少。辣椒交替灌溉下0~60 cm土层是土壤含水量变化活跃层。交替灌溉对辣椒的作物系数有显著影响，且随亏水程度的增大作物系数减小，‘美国红’的作物系数小于‘陇椒2号’。辣椒叶面积指数与作物系数呈显著的线性正相关。

Water Consumption and Crop Coefficient of Pepper by Alternative Irrigation in Desert Oasis

The objective of this study is to assess the crop coefficient of pepper and the soil moisture variations under alternative irrigation. Intensive study of water use efficiency and water balance of crops in desert oasis were contributed to the water-saving irrigation of agricultural ecosystem and sustainable utilization of water resources. Pepper was widely planted in desert oasis of northwestern regions. It was studied in this paper about water consumption characteristics and crop coefficient of irrigated pepper among different growth stages, quantified the inner relationships between water consumption and soil water dynamics based on water balance method, and analyzed regression relationships between pepper crop coefficient and leaf area index of growth period. Results showed that mild water deficit during planting-fruit setting stage and alternative irrigation during late fruiting stage had no significant effects on crop total water consumption. Water consumption is the largest in middle fruiting stage. Crop coefficient of pepper was significantly influenced by alternative irrigation. Crop coefficient of ‘Longjiao No.2’ was higher than that of the ‘Meiguohong’. There was a significant positive linear correlation between crop coefficient and pepper leaf area index.