Genetic population differentiation and connectivity among fragmented Moor frog (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana arvalis</Emphasis>) populations in The Netherlands |
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Authors: | Paul Arens Theo van der Sluis Wendy P C van’t Westende Ben Vosman Claire C Vos Marinus J M Smulders |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biodiversity and Breeding, Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Department of Landscape Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | We studied the effects of landscape structure, habitat loss and fragmentation on genetic differentiation of Moor frog populations
in two landscapes in The Netherlands (Drenthe and Noord-Brabant). Microsatellite data of eight loci showed small to moderate
genetic differentiation among populations in both landscapes (F
ST values 0.022 and 0.060, respectively). Both heterozygosity and population differentiation indicate a lower level of gene
flow among populations in Noord-Brabant, where populations were further apart and have experienced a higher degree of fragmentation
for a longer period of time as compared to populations in Drenthe. A significant isolation-by-distance pattern was found in
Drenthe, indicating a limitation in dispersal among populations due to geographic distance. In Noord-Brabant a similar positive
correlation was obtained only after the exclusion of a single long-time isolated population. After randomised exclusion of
populations a significant additional negative effect of roads was found but not of other landscape elements. These results
are discussed in view of improving methodology of assessing the effects of landscape elements on connectivity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | SSRs Molecular markers Habitat fragmentation Genetic diversity Landscape history Amphibians Time delay Landscape scale |
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