一枝蒿等6种植物提取液对水稻潜根线虫的抑杀作用

目的]为找到更多防治水稻潜根线虫的植物源农药,测定了6种植物的提取液对水稻潜根线虫的抑杀活性,旨在为防治水稻潜根线虫提供一定的参考。方法]将鸡蛋花（叶、花）、黄芩、杏仁、干姜、一枝蒿、辣椒6种植物晾晒,用微型破碎机粉碎、过筛后,分别称取6g植物粗粉,用0.05%盐酸、0.05%氢氧化钠、20%乙醇、2%丙酮和无菌水5种溶剂常温浸泡提取48h后,用滤纸过滤提取液,并用相应的溶剂定容至100ml。将获得的各种植物提取液10ml分别加入培养皿中,挑入40～50条线虫,置于室温下分别于24和48h后用清水复苏2h,检查线虫死亡数,每组处理4次重复,计算各处理的校正死亡率。结果]用植物提取液处理水稻潜根线虫,杏仁和一枝蒿的杀线活性很强;黄芩、辣椒有较强的杀线虫活性;鸡蛋花（叶、花）、干姜杀线虫活性弱。同一种植物,由于所选用的提取溶剂不同,其提取液杀线虫活性不相同,其中变化较大的是黄芪,水稻潜根线虫48h的校正死亡率从无菌水提取液的13.25%到乙醇提取液中的88.56%。同一植物不同部位的提取液杀线虫活性也不同,鸡蛋花（花）和鸡蛋花（叶）用不同提取溶剂提取,其杀线虫活性鸡蛋花（花）均大于鸡蛋花（叶）。结论]使用天然植物源农药防治水稻潜根线虫,可降解,对环境友好,其防治效果因提取溶剂及植物源农药的种类不同而差异较大。

Research on the Inhibition of the Extract from Six Species of Plants to Rice Root Nematode

Objective]The reference for the control of rice root nematode(Hirschmanniella spp.) was provided through the experiment in the efficiency screening of the extract from six species of plants on it so that many more botanical pesticides could be produced for its control.Method]The crude powder of 6 dried plants:Plumeria rubera L.cv.acutifolia (leaf、flower),Capsicum annuum L.,Prunus arm eniaca L.,Zingiber officinale Rosc,Artemisia rupestris L.and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,were soaked in the solvent consisting of 0.05%Hydrochloric acid,0.05% sodium hydroxide,20% ethanol,2% acetone or sterile water for 48 hours,then the it was extracted with filter paper,and finally,the extracted solution was constant volume to 100 ml,respectively.40-50 rice root nematodes were put in the plate with 10 ml extracted solution for 24 hours or 48 hours,respectively,then,those insects were treated for their recovery,and finally,the number of died insect was counted.There were 4 repetitions in each treatment and the corrected died rate of the insect was calculated.Results]In the experiment,Prunus arm eniaca L.and Artemisia rupestris L.had strongest inhibition to the insect,Capsicum annuum L.and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi had stronger one and Plumeria rubera L.cv.acutifolia (leaf、flower) and Zingiber officinale Rosc had the weakest one.The effect of the extracted solution based on the different solvents on the inhibition to the insect was different,among these extracted solutions,the quite variation of the efficiency appeared in Capsicum annuum L.and the corrected died rate of the insect was from 13.25% in sterile water to 88.56% in the extracted solution of ethanol.The effect of the extracted solution from the different parts of the plant on the inhibition to the insect was different and the inhibition efficiency of the extracted solution from the Plumeria rubera L.cv.acutifolia flower on insect was better than that from its leaf.Conclusion]The application of natural botanical pesticides against rice root nematode was with the character of biodegradable and environmentally friendly,which control effect was various with different extract’s solvents and the different types of plant pesticides.