覆盖方式和灌水量对甘蓝水分利用和干物质积累的影响

以生产上的经验灌水量每次30 m3•（667 m2）-1-未覆膜（G30N）为对照，研究不同覆盖方式和灌水量对甘蓝水分利用和干物质积累的影响。结果表明：随着灌水量的增大，渗漏量、蒸发量增加，蒸腾量以G30N最大，其中膜孔灌溉处理（除蒸发量外）均大于裸地灌溉，而土壤储水量降低|裸地灌溉下增加灌水量可以提高甘蓝的外叶、叶球、根和总干物质量，0～10 cm和0～30 cm土层根质量增加，10～30 cm土层根质量则减少，膜孔灌溉下适当减少灌水量，则甘蓝的各部分干物质量相应提高，且减少灌水量能有效地增加各层根系干质量|增大灌水量，甘蓝产量增加，但水分利用效率则降低，且膜孔灌溉处理的产量和水分利用效率均大于裸地灌溉。综合甘蓝生产和节水两方面考虑，裸地灌溉每次20 m3•（667 m2）-1，或者膜孔灌溉每次10 m3•（667 m2）-1处理的效果较好，值得在生产上推广。

Effect of Different Covering Method and Irrigation Amount on Cabbage Water Utilization and Dry Matter Accumulation

In order to study the effect of different covering method and irrigation amount on cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）water utilization and dry matter accumulation，we used conventional irrigation amount of 450 m3•hm-2 time without plastic film mulching as control．The results showed that along with the increase of irrigation amount，the amount of percolation，evaporation and transpiration also increased，among which the amount of percolation and transpiration of the film hole irrigation treatments are larger than without plastic film mulching treatment．At the same time，soil water storage decreased along with the increasing of irrigation water．Dry matter accumulation of cabbage and root dry weight of 0-10 cm and 0-30 cm depth increased and 10-30 cm depth decreased after treatment without plastic film mulching．Dry matter accumulation of cabbage decreased after increasing irrigation amount，but the root dry weight in different layers of soil decreased after decreasing irrigation amount under the treatments of the film hole irrigation．Decreasing irrigation amount reduced the yield， but increased WUE，and the yield and WUE of film hole irrigation treatments were higher than without plastic film mulching treatment．Considering cabbage production and water-saving，300 m3•hm-2 time in conventional irrigation or 150 m3•hm-2 time in film hole irrigation have better efficiency than the others. So it is worthwhile to popularize in vegetable production.