基于不同生态功能区农牧户认知的草地生态补偿依据研究

从行为主体认知视角,采用PRA调查方式获取问卷资料,以农牧交错、干旱草原、荒漠草原、高寒草原等生态功能区的典型项目村为例,分析了不同生态功能区农牧民对退牧还草生态补偿政策的认知、生态补偿标准和期望的认知及补偿方式的偏好。结果表明:受长期传统生产生活方式影响,不同生态功能区农牧民对退牧还草生态补偿表现出不同的认知及满意度。补偿标准未能达到被调查者的期望值,现有生态补偿只体现了对草地资源属性的补偿,很少考虑草地对牧民的综合功能与经济价值。不同生态功能区均为单一的资金补偿方式,缺乏相应技术、智力、基础设施及就业等方面的配套,未能有效地适应退牧还草区产业结构转型和家庭生计发展的需求。

The Study on Basis for Pastoral Ecological Compensation Based on Cognition of Different Stakeholders in Ecological Function Areas

From the cognition of different stakeholders,using PRA survey method to obtain questionnaire data,taking typical project villages for example in Agro-pastoral transitional,Dry steppe,Desert-steppe,Alpine grassland ecological function area,the awareness of ecological compensation policy,policy response of ecological compensation,cognition of ecological compensation standards and preferences of compensation manner were analyzed.The results showed that because of regional differences in production and lifestyle,different farmers and herdsmen showed different cognitive awareness and satisfaction.Satisfaction level was generally low.Current ecological compensation reflects only the properties of grassland resources;takes little into account the comprehensive functions of grassland to pastoral and economic value.There was only one way of compensation funds in all different ecological functional areas,lacked of appropriate technology,intelligence,infrastructure and employment of supporting compensation,failed to effectively promote industrial restructuring and development needs of the family livelihood of the returning grazing land to grasslands areas.