Frequency of mutations associated with fungicide resistance and population structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycosphaerella graminicola</Emphasis> in Tunisia |
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Authors: | Sameh Boukef Bruce A McDonald Amor Yahyaoui Salah Rezgui Patrick C Brunner |
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Institution: | 1.Laboratoire de Génétique et d’Amélioration des Plantes, Institut National Agronomique de Tunis,Tunis,Tunisia;2.Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland;3.International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA),Aleppo,Syria |
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Abstract: | The occurrence of fungicide resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola populations from Tunisia was investigated by examining mutations known to be associated with strobilurin and azole resistance.
Few mutations associated with fungicide resistance were detected. No evidence for strobilurin resistance was found among 357
Tunisian isolates and only two among 80 sequenced isolates carried mutations associated with azole resistance. A network analysis
suggested that these mutations emerged independently from mutations found in previously described European populations. The
population genetic structure of M. graminicola in Tunisia was analyzed using variation at 11 microsatellite loci. Populations in Tunisia were characterized by high gene
and genotype diversity. All populations were in gametic equilibrium and mating type proportions did not deviate from the 1:1
ratio expected under random mating, consistent with regular cycles of sexual reproduction. In combination with a high degree
of gene flow among sampling sites, M. graminicola must be considered a pathogens with high evolutionary potential. Thus, control strategies against Septoria blotch in Tunisia
should be optimized to reduce the emergence and spread of resistant isolates. |
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