冬小麦品种选育若干问题探讨

为提高育种预见性和选择效率，对小麦株型与冠层、株高、单位面积穗数等几个选择指标进行了探讨。认为株高80～90cm，旗叶较宽、较短，面积较小，挺而上冲，旗叶、倒二叶、倒三叶的长度依次加长，叶基角和开张角依次加大。株型从生长前期到生长后期由紧凑到松散有一定动态变化的中间型品种更易实现高产稳产；现代品种要在保持较高收获指数的基础上，注重生物产量、单位面积粒数、穗粒数／旗叶面积、穗粒重／旗叶面积的选择。

Discussion on Some Problems of Winter Wheat Variety Breeding

Several selective indexes of wheat plant type, canopy, plant height, spikes/per unit area were discussed in order ,to improve breeding predictability and selection efficiency, Middle-type wheat cultivars could achieve high and stable yield and their agronomy characters include 80-90cm plant height, flag leaf a little wide, short and smaller area, length of flag leaf, second leaf and third leaf lengthened and leaf-baseangle and leaf-inclination-angle increased in order. Plant type exits in dynamic change from compact type in earlier growing stage to loose type in later growing stage. Modem wheat cultivar breeding should attach importance to bio-yield, grains per unit area, grain number per spike/flag leaf area, grain weight per spike/flag leaf area based on higher harvest index.