长期施肥对红壤旱地作物产量及肥料效益影响

通过对红壤旱地13年连续监测研究,发现在红壤地区红壤旱地上:长期使用化学肥料,其肥料利用率和作物产量表现为逐步下降的趋势.在N处理中,前5年比CK处理,玉米平均增产213%,小麦增产96%;10a以后,玉米平均减产45%,小麦减产85%;在NP、NK、NPK处理中,与N处理具有相同的趋势;在NPKM、M处理中,玉米和小麦产量表现为平稳和轻微的上升趋势.肥料的利用率变化与产量变化具有同一性.为提高红壤旱地玉米和小麦子粒的品质,使用化学氮肥是一项必不可少的技术措施,同时化学氮肥对玉米和小麦子粒品质提高效果大于有机氮.

Effect of long term fertilizer application on crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency in red soil

Abstract: 13 years continual monitoring was conducted in up land in red soil region. The results showed as follows. The fertilizer use efficiency and crops yield were decreased step by step under long term chemical fertilizer applied. Yield of corn increased by 213% and wheat by 96% in average in N treatment compared with control (CK) in the former 5 years. After 10 years, the yield of corn and wheat reduced by 45% and 85% in respectively. The same phenomena were obtained in NP, NK and NPK treatments. The fertilizer use efficiency and yield of corn and wheat were increased calmly and lightly in NPKM and M treatments. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied was an absolutely necessarily technical and measure in red soil region for the purpose of improving quality of corm and wheat. The impact of chemical nitrogen fertilizer on quality of corm and wheat was better than that of organic nitrogen fertilizers.