不同降水年型节水小麦产量构成与效益分析

为筛选适宜北京地区小麦抗旱品种,同时为北京小麦节水栽培推广决策提供参考,2003—2006年间3个不同降水年型,在大兴区以28个小麦品种为材料,采用只浇冻水的节水措施,比较品种间产量构成因素和农艺性状等方面的差异性,并与常规灌溉管理进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)以产量水平为指标,参试品种间抗旱性存在显著差异。"中麦326"和"京农02-2"在平水年表现出较好的抗旱性;"北农9580"、"中麦12"、"京农04-133"和"京冬8"在枯水年表现出较好的抗旱性。(2)干旱条件下,小麦分蘖成穗过程受影响最大,分蘖成穗率可以作为小麦抗旱性筛选鉴定的较早期指标。(3)枯水年采取节水栽培比正常灌溉产量降低48.89%以上。效益综合分析结果认为,应用抗旱品种,即使在枯水年,北京地区小麦实施只浇冻水一水的节水栽培措施,也能取得明显的增效。

Analysis of the Yield Composition and Benefits of Water-Saving Wheat in Different Precipitation Years

To screen out proper drought resistant wheat varieties for Beijing area and provide references for making extension decisions on water saving cultivation techniques for winter wheat in Beijing,the yield and agronomic characteristics of 28 wheat varieties under only one winter irrigation were compared with those under normal traditional irrigations in three different precipitation years from 2003 to 2006.The results are:(1)The tested wheat varieties had significantly different resistance to drought according to the yield level."Zhongmai 326" and "Jingnong 02-2" showed good drought resistance in normal precipitation years,whereas "Beinong 9580","Zhongmai 12","Jingnong 04-133" and "Jingdong 8" demonstrated good drought resistance in low precipitation.(2)Under drought stress,the formation of wheat spike from the tillers was influenced most,which could be used as the early appraisal and screening index for drought resistant wheat cultivars.(3)In drought years,wheat yield under only one winter irrigation decreased more than 48.89% compared to normal irrigation even if water sving cultivation measures were adopted.Integrated efficiency analysis showed significant benefits of water saving cultivation techniques under only one winter irrigation.