Ameliorative effects of Mesorhizobium sp. MRC4 on chickpea yield and yield components under different doses of herbicide stress

The present study was conducted to assess the plant growth promoting activities of Mesorhizobium sp. in the presence of technical grade herbicides and its ameliorating effects on herbicide toxicity to chickpea grown in herbicide treated soils. The quizalafop-p-ethyl and clodinafop-tolerant Mesorhizobium isolate MRC4 recovered from the nodules of chickpea plants significantly produced IAA, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia in medium amended with or without technical grade quizalafop-p-ethyl and clodinafop. Quizalafop-p-ethyl at 40, 80 and 120 μg kg⁻¹ soil and clodinafop at 400, 800 and 1200 μg kg⁻¹ soil in general, decreased the growth attributes of chickpea plants inoculated with Mesorhizobium MRC4 and un-inoculated chickpeas. The three concentrations of quizalafop-p-ethyl were comparatively more toxic and substantially decreased biomass, nodulation and leghaemoglobin content, nutrient uptake, seed yield and grain protein over the un-inoculated chickpea. Interestingly, Mesorhizobium isolate MRC4 with any concentration of the two herbicides significantly increased the measured parameters when compared to the plants grown in soils treated solely (without inoculant) with similar concentration of each herbicide. Conclusively, Mesorhizobium isolate MRC4 could be exploited as bio-inoculant for facilitating chickpea growth under herbicide stress.