不同种植方式玉米冠层光利用情况的比较研究

为探讨不同种植方式玉米冠层光利用情况的差异和"双行交错"种植方式的增产机理,试验设置了等行距种植、大小行平行种植、双行交错种植三种种植方式,并测定其玉米冠层叶片的光截获率、光吸收率和光强日变化等参数。结果表明:三种种植方式的玉米冠层光利用情况存在显著差异,顶层双行交错>大小行>等行距;双行交错种植,其穗层及以上光截获率为88.0%,顶层光吸收率为45.3%,可以利用较强的光和较弱的光;在高密度条件下,双行交错种植可以很快地将光有效截获有效吸收,符合玉米高产栽培群体穗位叶高光截获率的特征,经济产量也最高。双行交错种植方式能够构建合理冠层结构,有效利用光能,为高产栽培提供了一条新途径。

Comparative Study on Light Utilization of Maize Canopy in Different Planting Patterns

In order to know the differences of light utilization of maize canopy in different planting patterns and the yield-increasing mechanism of the double-row interlaced thin-planting,three planting patterns,equidistant row spacing,wide and narrow row spacing and double-row interlaced thin-planting were used,and light interception rate,light absorption rate and day changes in light intensity were measured with Licor-189 radiation-quantum-illumination analyzer.The results showed that there were significant differences on light utilization among different patterns: interlaced double-row cultivation>wide and narrow row>equidistant row.Light interception rate of panicle layer and above of interlaced double-row was 88.0%,and light absorption rate was 45.3%.In high density condition,maize under interlaced double-row cultivation could effectively absorb and utilize light.The double-row interlaced thin-planting pattern could solve the contradiction between quantity and quality and provide a new method for high-yield cultivation.