我国喷灌技术发展面临的主要问题及对策

我国喷灌的发展经历从引进到仿制创新,从自发研制到国家组织、计划攻关,在品种繁杂到系列化、标准化的过程,其中有高潮也有低谷.经过近40年的发展,我国的喷灌出现了设备生产混乱、性能差系列化程度低、自有技术少等一些问题,同样也存在投资与效益、制度与体制的问题.未来发展将主要集中在以下几个方面:低压低能耗、综合利用清洁能源、喷灌机组逐渐轻型化控制面积增大、自动控制和精量控制.文中提出我国喷灌发展的对策:一是开发适合我国国情的喷灌机组,降低价格,形成中国特色的喷灌系列产品;二是加大科研力度,拥有一批具有自主产权的专利技术;三是加快设备的研制与产业化进程;四是因地制宜地发展喷灌,讲求社会、生态和经济效益并举.

Main problems in technological development of sprinkler irrigation in China and corresponding countermeasures

In China, sprinkler irrigation technology has experienced a developing process such as technology importation, imitation and innovation. The technological developing mode has switched to a jointed research program organized and planned by governments from manufacturer's individual activity. Nevertheless, the technology development itself has countered some difficulties ever. However, even though the sprinkler irrigation technology has developed for 40 years in China, it still is subject to a series of problems, including disorder in manufacturing and production, poor performance, low serialization, less our own technology contents and so on. Meanwhile, there are problems referred to investment and profit, institution and economic system as well. In future, China sprinkler irrigation technology development should be focused on low pressure and energy-consuming, utilizing clean energy, sprinkler unit lightening, sprinkler size enlarging, automatic control and irrigation precisely regulating. The countermeasures for tackling these problems are as follows: firstly, developing sprinkler irrigation units fitting for the condition of China, and lowing price to form serial sprinkler unit products with Chinese characteristics; secondly, strengthening research and development intensity on sprinkler irrigation units, and possessing certain amount of sprinkler techniques with patent protection developed independently by ourselves; thirdly, shortening design and manufacturing period and speeding up industrialization process; finally, developing the sprinkler irrigation technology based on the specific conditions of China to achieve economic, social and environmental benefits simultaneously.