环境因素对晚熟桃落叶休眠与开花进程的影响

研究了几个环境因素对晚熟桃秋季落叶(落叶百分率)和春季开花(花芽横径)进程的影响,结果表明:日均土温和有效日均光期是诸多因素中最主要的影响因子,与供试材料落叶率的相关性达到极显著水平,t值分别为-7.811 6和-8.096 9,而落叶率与日均气温的t值仅为-3.522 1,说明根际土壤温度的降低比气温下降对桃落叶休眠的影响更为显著.相关系数之间的假设性测定显示,供试材料秋季落叶与春季开花进程具有受温度和光周期双重因素影响的特点.在兰州地区,保持有效日均光期不低于12 h,日均气温高于16℃或日均土温不低于10℃,是保证桃设施栽培中果实延后成熟的必要条件和促早开花的基本条件.

Effects of environmental factors on the progress of defoliation dormancy and flowering of late-ripening cultivar of Prunus persica

A contrasted study on effect of some environmental factors on the progress of defoliation in autumn and flowering in spring of late-ripening cultivar of peach(Prunus persica L.) was conducted with the percentage of defoliation and the cross-diameter of flower bud as the indexes respectively.The results indicated that:the variations of the average soil-temperature per day and the effective average light cycle per day were the main factors among many factors.The correlation between the progress of defoliation and the two factors reached significant level,t value reached-7.8116 and-8.0969,respectively,however,the t value between of defoliation and air temperature only reached-3.5221,which showed that the decreasing of soil-temperature was more important than air-temperature to the defoliation dormancy.The differences of the hypothetical test of the correlation between the indexes were not significant.It indicated that the progress of defoliation in autumn and flowering in spring was affected by both temperature and light cycle.In Lanzhou area,keeping the affective average light cycle above 12 h and average air-temperature a-bove 16 ℃ or average soil-temperature more than 10 ℃ were the necessary conditions of prolonging the fruit ripeness,and also was the fundamental condition to promote flowering earlier in protected cultivation.