Toxicity of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae to porcine lung macrophages

Viable Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae bacteria were toxic for porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro. This cytotoxic effect proved to be dose-related. A cell-free extract of H. pleuropneumoniae, heat-killed bacteria, and a Pasteurella multocida field strain were nontoxic. When macrophages were cultured with H. pleuropneumoniae bacteria in a ratio of 100 macrophages to six bacteria, ultrastructural signs of cellular degeneration were observed within 1 h. This degeneration was observed in macrophages with or without phagosomes containing H. pleuropneumoniae. A cytotoxic substance was filtered from a H. pleuropneumoniae culture in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with Earle's salts (EMEM) and 10% foetal calf serum that was incubated for 10 h at 37 degrees C. This substance was destroyed by heating at 65 degrees C for 30 min. Macrophages were less susceptible to the toxic effect of H. pleuropneumoniae when serum of convalescent pigs was added.