大豆蛋白质含量及产量的回交效应分析

以两个杂交组合（组合Ⅰ：吉林28×吉林27；组合Ⅱ：吉林26×吉林20）的F1与其亲本分别回交，形成B1F1、B2F1世代，自交加代形成B1F2和B2F2及B1F3和B2F3世代，分析了高蛋白和高产亲本回文对后代蛋白质含量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，回交后代BF1和BF2平均蛋白质含量及BF2变异幅度随回交亲本蛋白质含量的高低而变化。BF2蛋白质含量总变异幅度略小于F2，并随回交亲本蛋白质含量的高低，表现为偏态分布。与低蛋白高产亲本回交，BF2群体中低蛋白个体的比例增加，小于或等于低值亲本的比例两组合分别为9．2％和16．4％；相反，以高蛋白品种作回交亲本的BF2世代，高蛋白个体的比例提高，大于或等于高值亲本的比例，两组合分别达50．4％和36．4％。回交后代BF2、BF3平均产量与亲本产量水平方差分析结果呈现与蛋白质含量变化的相反趋势。

Seed protein content and yield performance of soybean hybrids influenced by backcrossing with parents

The mean, variation distribution of protein content and yield level of soybean seed were analyzed with the progenies of two crosses, B1F2 and B2F2, from backcrossing F1 to P1 (high protein content) and P2 (low protein content) respectively. It was shown that there was remarkable effect of backcrossing on the variation and distribution of protein content in the B1F2 and B2F2 due to the different parents. The protein contents in the B2F1 and B2F2 were lower than those in the B1F1 and B1F2. In general, variation range of protein content in the BF2 was smaller than that in the F2, and variation distributions trended to be in the high protein direction in the B1F2 backcrossed with high parent(P1 )while in the low protein direction in B2F2 backcrossed with low parent (P2). It was also found that backcrossing F1 to two parents, respectively, had an effect on seed yield in the yield test of BF2 and BF3 populations.