Effect of high water temperature during vegetative growth on rice growth and yield under a cool climate |
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Authors: | Aayako IshiiEiki Kuroda Hiroyuki Shimono |
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Institution: | Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan |
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Abstract: | Global warming is likely to increase spring temperatures in regions with a cool climate. To examine the effects of this change on rice productivity, we exposed rice plants to a higher (by +2.7 to +2.8 °C) water temperature (Tw) during the vegetative growth period (for 35-50 days) under three levels of N fertilization. High Tw during vegetative growth made the heading stage occur 4-7 days earlier for all levels of N fertilization in both years. The crop growth rate during the treatment period was greatly enhanced by high Tw: by 51-82% in 2008 and by 49-62% in 2009. There was no Tw × N fertilizer interaction. This increased growth was associated with increased leaf expansion and increased canopy radiation capture rather than with increased radiation-use efficiency. However, the positive effect decreased during subsequent growth stages under all levels of N fertilization, leading to no significant differences in total biomass at maturity. High Tw during vegetative growth greatly reduced SPAD values during the grain-filling stage compared with SPAD values in the control Tw treatment, for all levels of N fertilization, and decreased leaf photosynthesis during the mid-grain filling stage. Grain yield was not significantly affected by high Tw at any N fertilizer level or in either year. |
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Keywords: | Rice Global warming Grain yield Water temperature |
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